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Author: Zhang, Weilong
Resulting in 2 citations.
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Chuan, Amanda Zhang, Weilong |
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Non-college Occupations, Workplace Routinization, and the Gender Gap in College Enrollment IZA Discussion Paper No. 16089, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA), April 2023. Also: https://docs.iza.org/dp16089.pdf Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) Keyword(s): Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB); College Enrollment; Gender Differences; Geocoded Data; Occupations Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. This paper explores how non-college occupations contributed to the gender gap in college enrollment, where women overtook men in college-going. Using instrumental variation from routinization, we show that the decline of routine-intensive occupations displaced the non-college occupations of women, raising female enrollment. Embedding this instrumental variation into a dynamic Roy model, we find that routinization decreased returns to the non-college occupations of women, increasing their college premium. In contrast, men's non-college occupations were less susceptible to routinization. Our model estimates that workplace routinization accounted for 44% of the growth in female enrollment during 1980-2000. |
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Bibliography Citation
Chuan, Amanda and Weilong Zhang. "Non-college Occupations, Workplace Routinization, and the Gender Gap in College Enrollment." IZA Discussion Paper No. 16089, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA), April 2023. |
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Chyi, Hau Ozturk, Orgul Demet Zhang, Weilong |
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Welfare Reform and Children's Early Cognitive Development Contemporary Economic Policy 32,4 (October 2014): 729-751. Also: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/coep.12042/abstract Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 Publisher: Western Economic Association International Keyword(s): Aid for Families with Dependent Children (AFDC); Armed Forces Qualifications Test (AFQT); Birthweight; Leave, Family or Maternity/Paternity; Maternal Employment; Medicaid/Medicare; Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID); Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Math); Welfare In this paper, we use a dynamic structural model to measure the effects of (1) single mothers' work and welfare use decisions and (2) welfare reform initiatives on the early cognitive development of the children of the NLSY79 mothers. We use PIAT-Math scores as a measure of attainment and show that both the mothers' work and welfare use benefit children on average. Our simulation of a policy that combines a time limit with work requirement reduces the use of welfare and increases employment significantly. These changes in turn significantly increase children's cognitive attainment. This implies that the welfare reform was not only successful in achieving its stated goals, but was also beneficial to welfare children's outcomes. In another policy simulation, we show that increasing work incentives for welfare population by exempting labor income from welfare tax can be a very successful policy with some additional benefits for children's outcomes. Finally, a counterfactual with an extended maternal leave policy significantly reduces employment and has negative, though economically insignificant, impact on cognitive outcomes. |
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Bibliography Citation
Chyi, Hau, Orgul Demet Ozturk and Weilong Zhang. "Welfare Reform and Children's Early Cognitive Development." Contemporary Economic Policy 32,4 (October 2014): 729-751.
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