Search Results
Author: Zalokar, C. Nadja
Resulting in 4 citations.
| 1. |
Zalokar, C. Nadja |
|
A Human Capital Model of Sex Differences in Occupational Distribution and Wages Ph.D. Dissertation, Princeton University, 1982 Cohort(s): Mature Women Publisher: UMI - University Microfilms, Bell and Howell Information and Learning Keyword(s): Gender Differences; Human Capital Theory; Labor Force Participation; Occupational Attainment; Occupational Investment; Training, Occupational This dissertation develops a human capital model of occupational choice in order to determine the extent to which differences in the labor force participation patterns of men and women can explain sex differences in the distribution of first occupations. In Chapter 1, the theoretical and empirical research on the causes of sex differences in occupations is examined. It is argued that a better human capital model of occupational choice must be developed before the human capital explanation of sex differences in occupations can be given a fair test. In Chapter 2, a simple human capital model of sex differences in occupational distribution and wages is developed in a general equilibrium framework. The model suggests how changes in the lifetime labor force participation patterns of women can lead to changes over time in the occupational distribution of men and women and in their relative wages. In Chapter 3, a partial equilibrium framework is used to develop a more realistic human capital model of occupational choice. Under the assumption that occupations require different amounts of general and occupation-specific training, it is shown that the length and timing of discontinuities in the labor force participation pattern affect occupational choice, because they affect the optimal investments in general and specific training. In Chapter 4, data from the NLS of Mature Women are used to test the model. It is shown that, in fact, women's choices of first occupation among general and specific training categories are quite sensitive to their labor force participation patterns. The occupational distribution of women if they had men's labor force participation patterns is simulated and compared to the women's actual occupational distribution. It is found that if women had men's labor force participation patterns, they would choose first occupations requiring more training, especially occupation-specific training, In Chapter 5, it is concluded thatthe effect of sex differences in labor force participation patterns on their occupational distributions can potentially explain almost three quarters of the male-female wage differential. |
|
|
Bibliography Citation
Zalokar, C. Nadja. A Human Capital Model of Sex Differences in Occupational Distribution and Wages. Ph.D. Dissertation, Princeton University, 1982. |
| 2. |
Zalokar, C. Nadja |
|
Careers of Young Women During the Transitional Decade of the 1970s Contemporary Policy Issues 7,1 (January 1989): 95-109 Cohort(s): Young Women Publisher: Western Economic Association International Keyword(s): Career Patterns; Human Capital Theory; Mobility, Occupational; Occupational Choice; Occupational Segregation; Occupations, Female; Occupations, Male; Occupations, Non-Traditional; Work Histories Information from the NLS of Young Women was used to examine the careers of young women during the transitional decade of the 1970s. Women in skilled, traditionally male occupations were the primary focus. Although human capital theory predicted otherwise, women with high initial labor force attachment entered skilled jobs in the traditionally female sector rather than the traditionally male sector. Women with low initial labor force attachment who entered skilled jobs later in life were more likely to enter skilled male jobs. Women experienced mixed success in skilled male occupations. Those in skilled male jobs were less likely to make long-term career commitments than women in skilled non-male jobs; however, they earned considerably more than women in other positions. The chances of women remaining in skilled male occupations increased throughout the decade of the 1970s, which suggests that prospects for women in these jobs improved. [ABI/INFORM] |
|
|
Bibliography Citation
Zalokar, C. Nadja. "Careers of Young Women During the Transitional Decade of the 1970s." Contemporary Policy Issues 7,1 (January 1989): 95-109.
|
| 3. |
Zalokar, C. Nadja |
|
Generational Differences in Female Occupational Attainment -- Have the 1970's Changed Women's Opportunities? American Economic Review 76,2 (May 1986): 378-381. Also: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1818800 Cohort(s): Mature Women, Young Women Publisher: American Economic Association Keyword(s): Discrimination, Sex; Gender Differences; Labor Force Participation; Occupational Attainment; Occupations, Female; Sex Roles Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Earlier studies found evidence that sex differences in labor force attachment may explain sex differences in occupations. However, England (1982) and Corcoran et al. (1983) find that women with high labor force attachment are no more likely than other women to be in male occupations. This suggests that, when selecting occupations, women may face constraints in the form of direct labor market discrimination preventing them from entering male occupations or of a socialization process through which women and men acquire differing tastes for occupations. In the present analysis, data from the NLS of Mature Women are compared with the NLS of Young Women when each cohort was aged 30-38. The main source of women's increased occupational attainment during the 1970s was a decrease in women's costs of entering (increase in women's tastes for) more skilled, less female occupations. |
|
|
Bibliography Citation
Zalokar, C. Nadja. "Generational Differences in Female Occupational Attainment -- Have the 1970's Changed Women's Opportunities?" American Economic Review 76,2 (May 1986): 378-381.
|
| 4. |
Zalokar, C. Nadja |
|
Male-Female Differences in Occupational Choice and the Demand for General and Occupation-Specific Human Capital Economic Inquiry 26,1 (January 1988): 59-74. Also: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1465-7295.1988.tb01669.x/abstract Cohort(s): Mature Women Publisher: Western Economic Association International Keyword(s): Discrimination, Sex; Gender Differences; Labor Force Participation; Occupational Choice; Work Histories A human capital model of occupational choice as demand for general and occupation-specific human capital is presented to demonstrate how women's occupational choices vary with their lifetime labor force participation patterns. Data from the NLS of Mature Women are used to test the model. Simulations that use parameter estimates from the model reveal that, if women were to work continuously through out their lives, then they would enter occupations that require more human capital, particularly more specific human capital. Women's wages would increase because these occupations pay more and because women would be working more and gaining more experience. The model assumes that there is no labor market discrimination against women; how this assumption affects the results depends upon the nature of actual labor market discrimination. [ABI/INFORM] |
|
|
Bibliography Citation
Zalokar, C. Nadja. "Male-Female Differences in Occupational Choice and the Demand for General and Occupation-Specific Human Capital." Economic Inquiry 26,1 (January 1988): 59-74.
|