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Author: Wozniak, Abigail

Resulting in 6 citations.

1.	Malamud, Ofer Wozniak, Abigail
1.	The Impact of College Education on Geographic Mobility: Evidence from the Vietnam Generation Working Paper Series 08.11. Harris School of Public Policy, University of Chicago, 2008 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Harris Graduate School of Public Policy Studies, University of Chicago Keyword(s): College Degree; College Education; Mobility; Variables, Instrumental Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. College-educated workers are twice as likely as high school graduates to make lasting long-distance moves, but little is known about the role of college itself in determining geographic mobility. Unobservable characteristics related to selection into college might also drive the relationship between college education and geographic mobility. We explore this question using a number of methods to analyze both the 1980 Census and longitudinal sources. We conclude that the causal impact of college completion on subsequent mobility is large. We introduce new instrumental variables that allow us to identify educational attainment and veteran status separately in a sample of men whose college decisions were exogenously influenced by their draft risk during the Vietnam War. Our preferred IV estimates imply that graduation increases the probability that a man resides outside his birth state by approximately 35 percentage points, a magnitude nearly twice as large as the OLS migration differential between college and high school graduates. IV estimates of graduation’s impact on total distance moved are even larger, with IV estimates that exceed OLS considerably. We provide evidence from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY) 1979 that our large IV estimates are plausible and likely explained by heterogeneous treatment effects. Finally, we provide some suggestive evidence on the mechanisms driving the relationship between college completion and mobility.
	Bibliography Citation Malamud, Ofer and Abigail Wozniak. "The Impact of College Education on Geographic Mobility: Evidence from the Vietnam Generation." Working Paper Series 08.11. Harris School of Public Policy, University of Chicago, 2008.

2.	Malamud, Ofer Wozniak, Abigail
2.	The Impact of College Graduation on Geographic Mobility: Identifying Education Using Multiple Components of Vietnam Draft Risk Discussion Paper No. 3432, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA), April 2008. Also: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1136237 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) Keyword(s): College Graduates; Education; Labor Market Demographics; Migration; Migration Patterns; Mobility; Variables, Instrumental Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. College-educated workers are twice as likely as high school graduates to make lasting long distance moves, but little is known about the role of college itself in determining geographic mobility. Unobservable characteristics related to selection into college might also drive the relationship between college education and geographic mobility. We explore this question using a number of methods to analyze both the 1980 Census and longitudinal sources. We conclude that the causal impact of college completion on subsequent mobility is large. We introduce new instrumental variables that allow us to identify educational attainment and veteran status separately in a sample of men whose college decisions were exogenously influenced by their draft risk during the Vietnam War. Our preferred IV estimates imply that graduation increases the probability that a man resides outside his birth state by approximately 35 percentage points, a magnitude nearly twice as large as the OLS migration differential between college and high school graduates. IV estimates of graduation's impact on total distance moved are even larger, with IV estimates that exceed OLS considerably. We provide evidence from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY) 1979 that our large IV estimates are plausible and likely explained by heterogeneous treatment effects. Finally, we provide some suggestive evidence on the mechanisms driving the relationship between college completion and mobility.
	Bibliography Citation Malamud, Ofer and Abigail Wozniak. "The Impact of College Graduation on Geographic Mobility: Identifying Education Using Multiple Components of Vietnam Draft Risk." Discussion Paper No. 3432, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA), April 2008.

3.	Molloy, Raven Smith, Christopher L. Wozniak, Abigail
3.	Changing Stability in U.S. Employment Relationships Journal of Human Resources 59,1 (January 2024) 35-69. Also: https://doi.org/10.3368/jhr.0821-11843 Cohort(s): NLSY79, NLSY97 Publisher: University of Wisconsin Press Keyword(s): Employment; Employment History; Employment Tenure; Employment, Stable/Continuous; Working Patterns We examine how the distribution of employment tenure has changed over time. The fraction of workers with short tenure (less than one year) has fallen since the mid-1990s, a trend associated with fewer workers cycling among briefly held jobs and an increase in perceived job security among short-tenure workers. Meanwhile, the fraction of men with long tenure (20 years or more) has declined markedly, partly due to the secular shift away from the manufacturing sector and the decline in unionization, as well as an increase in mid-career separations during the 1970s and 1980s that reduced the likelihood of reaching long tenure.
	Bibliography Citation Molloy, Raven, Christopher L. Smith and Abigail Wozniak. "Changing Stability in U.S. Employment Relationships." Journal of Human Resources 59,1 (January 2024) 35-69.

4.	Molloy, Raven Smith, Christopher L. Wozniak, Abigail
4.	Declining Migration within the U.S.: The Role of the Labor Market NBER Working Paper No. 20065, National Bureau of Economic Research, April 2014. Also: http://www.nber.org/papers/w20065 Cohort(s): NLSY79, NLSY97, Young Men Publisher: National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) Keyword(s): Geocoded Data; Job Turnover; Migration; Occupations; Transition, Job to Job; Wage Growth Interstate migration has decreased steadily since the 1980s. We show that this trend is not primarily related to demographic and socioeconomic factors, but instead appears to be connected to a concurrent secular decline in labor market transitions. We explore a number of reasons for the declines in geographic and labor market transitions, and find the strongest support for explanations related to a decrease in the net benefit to changing employers. Our preferred interpretation is that the distribution of relevant outside offers has shifted in a way that has made labor market transitions, and thus geographic transitions, less desirable to workers.
	Bibliography Citation Molloy, Raven, Christopher L. Smith and Abigail Wozniak. "Declining Migration within the U.S.: The Role of the Labor Market." NBER Working Paper No. 20065, National Bureau of Economic Research, April 2014.

5.	Molloy, Raven Smith, Christopher L. Wozniak, Abigail
5.	Declining Migration Within the US: The Role of the Labor Market Discussion Paper No. 2013-27, Finance and Economics Discussion Series, Divisions of Research and Statistics and Monetary Affairs, Federal Reserve Board, Washington, D.C., April 2013. Also: http://www.federalreserve.gov/pubs/feds/2013/201327/201327pap.pdf Cohort(s): NLSY79, NLSY97, Young Men Publisher: Federal Reserve Board Keyword(s): Migration; Occupations; Wage Growth We examine explanations for the secular decline in interstate migration since the 1980s. After showing that demographic and socioeconomic factors can account for little of this decrease, we present evidence suggesting that it is related to a downward trend in labor market transitions—i.e. a decline in the fraction of workers moving from job to job, changing industry, and changing occupation—that occurred over the same period. We explore a number of reasons why these flows have diminished over time, including changes in the distribution of job opportunities across space, polarization in the labor market, concerns of dual-career households, and a strengthening of internal labor markets. We find little empirical support for all but the last of these hypotheses. Specifically, using data from three cohorts of the National Longitudinal Surveys spanning the 1970s to the 2000s, we find that wage gains associated with employer transitions have fallen, possibly signaling a growing role for internal labor markets in determining wages.
	Bibliography Citation Molloy, Raven, Christopher L. Smith and Abigail Wozniak. "Declining Migration Within the US: The Role of the Labor Market." Discussion Paper No. 2013-27, Finance and Economics Discussion Series, Divisions of Research and Statistics and Monetary Affairs, Federal Reserve Board, Washington, D.C., April 2013.

6.	Wozniak, Abigail
6.	Educational Differences in the Migration Responses of Young Workers to Local Labor Market Conditions IZA Discussion Paper No. 1954, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA), January 2006. Also: ftp://repec.iza.org/RePEc/Discussionpaper/dp1954.pdf Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) Keyword(s): College Graduates; Education; Labor Market Demographics; Migration; Migration Patterns Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. It is unclear whether educational disparities in internal migration levels reflect important economic differences or simply different consumption choices. I answer this question empirically by testing for educational differentials in the likelihood that young workers undertake and succeed at arbitrage migration. I find that young college graduates are two to five times more likely than less educated workers to reside in a state with high labor demand at the time they entered the market. Among college graduates, cross-state migration by college graduates equalizes the wage impact of early career labor demand shocks in their home states. This is not true for less educated workers. The lack of wage convergence is most severe for cohorts who entered the labor market during periods of high spatial variation in state conditions and low national employment growth. My results are consistent with theories of educational differences in migration that assume less educated workers are credit constrained, and cast doubt on several other explanations for the difference.
	Bibliography Citation Wozniak, Abigail. "Educational Differences in the Migration Responses of Young Workers to Local Labor Market Conditions." IZA Discussion Paper No. 1954, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA), January 2006.

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