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Author: Weinstein, Amanda
Resulting in 2 citations.
1. Patrick, Carlianne
Stephens, Heather
Weinstein, Amanda
Born to Care (or Not): How Gender Role Attitudes Affect Occupational Sorting
Labour: Review of Labour Economics and Industrial Relations published online (11 January 2024).
Also: https://doi.org/10.1111/labr.12261
Cohort(s): NLSY79, NLSY97
Publisher: Blackwell Publishing, Inc. => Wiley Online
Keyword(s): Adolescence; Care Occupations; Childhood; Gender; Gender Equality/Inequality; Gender Gap; Gender Role Attitudes; Occupational Segregation; Occupations, Female; Wage Gap

Occupation segregation explains a significant portion of the gender wage gap, with women working in lower paid female-dominated occupations. We examine how childhood and adolescent exposure to gender biased norms about work influence this occupational sorting. We document that early life exposure to traditional gender role attitudes, which view women's role as caretakers, increase women's likelihood of employment in care occupations and decrease the likelihood for men, thereby increasing the gender care occupation gap. A decomposition of the factors affecting this sorting shows that a primary channel is through differences in the choice of post-secondary field of study or major. Our results suggest that traditional gender role attitudes may work to segment the labor market for men and women and contribute to the gender wage gap. This suggests that more egalitarian gender role attitudes which increase the share of men entering care occupations would increase wages for both men and women, lowering the gender wage gap.
Bibliography Citation
Patrick, Carlianne, Heather Stephens and Amanda Weinstein. "Born to Care (or Not): How Gender Role Attitudes Affect Occupational Sorting." Labour: Review of Labour Economics and Industrial Relations published online (11 January 2024).
2. Patrick, Carlianne
Stephens, Heather
Weinstein, Amanda
Where Are all the Self-employed Women? Push and Pull Factors Influencing Female Labor Market Decisions
Small Business Economics 46,3 (March 2016): 365-390.
Also: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11187-015-9697-2
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: Springer
Keyword(s): Entrepreneurship; General Social Survey (GSS); Geocoded Data; Marital Status; Maternal Employment; Regions; Self-Employed Workers; Women

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Previous research focuses on factors that influence self-employment participation, in part because entrepreneurship has been associated with economic growth. This literature has tended to focus only on men or the comparison of women to men, while ignoring substantial heterogeneity in employment decisions among women. By investigating the impact of individual, household, and local economic and cultural characteristics on the labor market outcomes of different groups of women, we get a more comprehensive picture of their self-employment decision. Recognizing self-employment as one of multiple labor market choices, we use multinomial logit and two confidential, geocoded micro-level datasets to study women's career choices in urban areas. We find that the effects of various push and pull factors differ between married and unmarried women. In particular, more progressive gender attitudes pull married women into self-employment, while household burdens associated with children push them into self-employment. For unmarried women, the local business climate and individual characteristics have the strongest influence. In both cases, the motivations for women are quite different than men.
Bibliography Citation
Patrick, Carlianne, Heather Stephens and Amanda Weinstein. "Where Are all the Self-employed Women? Push and Pull Factors Influencing Female Labor Market Decisions." Small Business Economics 46,3 (March 2016): 365-390.