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Author: Weinberg, Bruce A.

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1.	Borghans, Lex Ter Weel, Bas Weinberg, Bruce A.
1.	People People Working Paper, Maastricht University, July 2004. Also: http://meritbbs.unimaas.nl/staff/bas/publications/english/pp.pdf Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Maastricht Economic Research Institute on Innovation and Technology Keyword(s): Fertility; Hispanics; Wages Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. There are many indicators that interpersonal interactions are important for understanding individual outcomes and are becoming more important. Yet, empirical work suggests that thereturns to people skills have remained low and people people have not progressed to the top of the job hierarchy. This paper develops a unified model to understand the role of people skills in the labor market, including task assignment and wages. We model interactions between people, letting individuals feel social pressure to help others, and affect the amount of social pressure experienced by others. We assume that people are heterogeneous with respect to caring and that jobs are heterogeneous with respect to the importance of caring. Consistent with our model, we find that as people skills become more important, the women's share of an occupation increases, but the employment shares of blacks, Hispanics, immigrants, and people with poor English decrease. We also show in an assignment context that within caring jobs, the importance of caring is positively rewarded but that overall labor demand and supply may lead to a negative effect of being caring on wages. We present evidence that computers, team production and innovative work practices, complement people skills. Lastly, we present evidence that people people volunteer
	Bibliography Citation Borghans, Lex, Bas Ter Weel and Bruce A. Weinberg. "People People." Working Paper, Maastricht University, July 2004.

2.	Gould, Eric D. Weinberg, Bruce A. Mustard, David B.
2.	Crime Rates and Local Labor Market Opportunities in the United States: 1979-1997 Review of Economics and Statistics 84,1 (February 2002): 45-61. Also: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3211738 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Harvard University Press Keyword(s): Crime; Employment, Youth; Labor Force Participation; Male Sample; Simultaneity; Unemployment Rate; Unemployment, Youth; Wages; Wages, Young Men Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. The labor market prospects of young, unskilled men fell dramatically in the 1980s and improved in the 1990s. Crime rates show a reverse pattern: increasing during the 1980s and failing in the 1990s. Because young, unskilled men commit most crime, this paper seeks to establish a causal relationship between the two trends. Previous work on the relationship between labor markets and crime focused mainly on the relationship between the unemployment rate and crime, and found inconclusive results. In contrast, this paper examines the impact of both wages and unemployment on crime, and uses instrumental variables to establish causality. We conclude that both wages and unemployment are significantly related to crime, but that wages played a larger role in the crime trends over the last few decades. These results are robust to the inclusion of deterrence variables, controls for simultaneity, and controlling for individual and family characteristics.
	Bibliography Citation Gould, Eric D., Bruce A. Weinberg and David B. Mustard. "Crime Rates and Local Labor Market Opportunities in the United States: 1979-1997." Review of Economics and Statistics 84,1 (February 2002): 45-61.

3.	Hashimoto, Masanori Percy, Rick Schoellner, Teresa Weinberg, Bruce A.
3.	The Long and Short of It: Maternity Leave Coverage and Women’s Labor Market Outcomes IZA Discussion Paper No. 1207, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA), July 2004. Also: http://ftp.iza.org/dp1207.pdf Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) Keyword(s): Heterogeneity; Job Tenure; Labor Market Outcomes; Leave, Family or Maternity/Paternity; Wages, Women Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. We investigate the effects of maternity leave coverage on women’s post-birth wages, job tenure, and labor market attachment. We pay particular attention to unobservable characteristics that are correlated with maternity leave coverage and that affect labor market outcomes. We use a control sample, as well as a range of control variables, to address unobserved heterogeneity. We find evidence of substantial selection based on unobserved heterogeneity. Maternity leave effects on the three outcomes are found to be small and shortlived. This finding is understandable given that most policies in the United States allow leaves for only 12 weeks at most.
	Bibliography Citation Hashimoto, Masanori, Rick Percy, Teresa Schoellner and Bruce A. Weinberg. "The Long and Short of It: Maternity Leave Coverage and Women’s Labor Market Outcomes." IZA Discussion Paper No. 1207, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA), July 2004.

4.	Weinberg, Bruce A. Reagan, Patricia Benton Yankow, Jeffrey Jon
4.	Do Neighborhoods Affect Hours Worked? Evidence from Longitudinal Data Journal of Labor Economics 22,4 (October 2004): 891-825. Also: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/423158 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: University of Chicago Press Keyword(s): Armed Forces Qualifications Test (AFQT); Education; Educational Attainment; Ethnic Differences; Labor Force Participation; Modeling, Fixed Effects; Mothers, Education; Neighborhood Effects; Racial Differences; Record Linkage (also see Data Linkage); Social Environment; Social Influences; Work Attachment; Work Experience Using a confidential version of the NLSY79, we estimate large effects of neighborhood social characteristics and job proximity on labor market activity. A variety of neighborhood social characteristics are associated with less market work. Social characteristics have nonlinear effects, with the greatest impact in the worst neighborhoods. Social characteristics are also more important for less-educated workers. Exploiting the panel aspects of our data, we find that estimates that do not account for neighborhood selection on the basis of time-invariant and time-varying unobserved individual characteristics substantially overstate the social effects of neighborhoods but understate the effects of job access. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
	Bibliography Citation Weinberg, Bruce A., Patricia Benton Reagan and Jeffrey Jon Yankow. "Do Neighborhoods Affect Hours Worked? Evidence from Longitudinal Data." Journal of Labor Economics 22,4 (October 2004): 891-825.

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