Search Results
Author: Watts, Stephen J.
Resulting in 2 citations.
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Carlson, Daniel L. McNulty, Thomas L. Bellair, Paul E. Watts, Stephen J. |
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Neighborhoods and Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Adolescent Sexual Risk Behavior Journal of Youth and Adolescence 43,9 (September 2014): 1536-1549. Also: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10964-013-0052-0/fulltext.html Cohort(s): NLSY97 Publisher: Springer Keyword(s): Ethnic Differences; Geocoded Data; Neighborhood Effects; Poverty; Racial Differences; Risk-Taking; Sexual Activity; Sexual Behavior; Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs); Socioeconomic Status (SES) Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Understanding the determinants of racial/ethnic disparities in adolescent sexual risk behavior is important given its links to the differential risk of teen pregnancy, childbearing, and sexually transmitted infections. This article tests a contextual model that emphasizes the concentration of neighborhood disadvantage in shaping racial/ethnic disparities in sexual risk behavior. We focus on two risk behaviors that are prevalent among Black and Hispanic youth: the initiation of sexual activity in adolescence and the number of sex partners. Using data from the 1997 National Longitudinal Study of Youth (N = 6,985; 48% female; 57% non-Hispanic White) evidence indicates that neighborhood disadvantage—measured by concentrated poverty, unemployment rates, and the proportion of female-headed households—partially explains Black and Hispanic disparities from Whites in the odds of adolescent sexual debut, although the prevalence of female-headed households in neighborhoods appears to be the main driver in this domain. Likewise, accounting for neighborhood disadvantage reduces the Black-White and Hispanic-White disparity in the number of sexual partners, although less so relative to sexual debut. We discuss theoretical and practical implications of these findings. |
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Bibliography Citation
Carlson, Daniel L., Thomas L. McNulty, Paul E. Bellair and Stephen J. Watts. "Neighborhoods and Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Adolescent Sexual Risk Behavior." Journal of Youth and Adolescence 43,9 (September 2014): 1536-1549.
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McNulty, Thomas L. Bellair, Paul E. Watts, Stephen J. |
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Neighborhood Disadvantage and Verbal Ability as Explanations of the Black–White Difference in Adolescent Violence: Toward an Integrated Model Crime and Delinquency 59,1 (February 2013): 140-160. Also: http://cad.sagepub.com/content/59/1/140.abstract Cohort(s): NLSY97 Publisher: Sage Publications Keyword(s): Adolescent Behavior; Cognitive Ability; Crime; Educational Attainment; Family Influences; Modeling, Multilevel; Neighborhood Effects; Racial Differences; Socioeconomic Background Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. This article develops a multilevel model that integrates individual difference and sociological explanations of the Black–White difference in adolescent violence. Our basic premise is that low verbal ability is a criminogenic risk factor that is in part an outcome of exposure to neighborhood and family disadvantages. Analysis of the 1997 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth reveals that verbal ability has direct and indirect effects (through school achievement) on violence, provides a partial explanation for the racial disparity, and mediates the effect of socioeconomic disadvantage at the neighborhood level. Results support the view that neighborhood and family disadvantages have repercussions for the acquisition of verbal ability, which, in turn, serves as a protective factor against violence. We conclude that explanation of the race difference is best conceived as originating from the segregation of Blacks in disadvantaged contexts. |
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Bibliography Citation
McNulty, Thomas L., Paul E. Bellair and Stephen J. Watts. "Neighborhood Disadvantage and Verbal Ability as Explanations of the Black–White Difference in Adolescent Violence: Toward an Integrated Model." Crime and Delinquency 59,1 (February 2013): 140-160.
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