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Author: Tapia, Michael
Resulting in 5 citations.
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Tapia, Michael |
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Gang Membership and Race as Risk Factors for Juvenile Arrest Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 48,3 (August 2011): 364-395. Also: http://jrc.sagepub.com/content/48/3/364 Cohort(s): NLSY97 Publisher: Sage Publications Keyword(s): Arrests; Black Youth; Crime; Criminal Justice System; Delinquency/Gang Activity; Hispanic Youth; Racial Differences Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. This study addresses the link between gang membership and arrest frequency, exploring the Gang × Race interaction on those arrests. The focus on youth’s earliest point of contact with the juvenile justice system corresponds to the latest priority of the federal initiative on Disproportionate Minority Contact (DMC). Using Poisson regression to analyze longitudinal data on a representative sample of U.S. teens, results support both main effects and interaction hypotheses. Gang membership, racial minority status, and their interaction each increase the risk of arrest, controlling for other demographic and legal items. Results suggest that bias against these groups is most pronounced with less serious crimes. Main effects for Black youth are stronger than for Hispanic youth, underscoring the importance of conducting tests for each minority group separately. Interactions for Black and Hispanic gang youth are equally robust, suggesting they warrant similar priority in policy initiatives to reduce DMC. |
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Bibliography Citation
Tapia, Michael. "Gang Membership and Race as Risk Factors for Juvenile Arrest ." Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 48,3 (August 2011): 364-395.
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Tapia, Michael |
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U.S. Juvenile Arrests: Gang Membership, Social Class, and Labeling Effects Youth and Society 43,4 (December 2011): 1407-1432. Also: http://yas.sagepub.com/content/43/4/1407.abstract Cohort(s): NLSY97 Publisher: Sage Publications Keyword(s): Arrests; Criminal Justice System; Delinquency/Gang Activity; Modeling, Poisson (IRT–ZIP); Racial Differences; Socioeconomic Status (SES) Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. This study addresses the link between gang membership and arrest frequency, exploring the Gang × Socioeconomic status interaction on those arrests. Notoriously poor, delinquent, and often well-known to police, America’s gang youth should have very high odds of arrest. Yet it is unclear whether mere membership in a gang increases the risk of arrest or whether it must be accompanied by high levels of delinquency to have an effect. There are surprisingly few tests of the arrest risk associated solely with group membership. The several studies that provide such a test have yielded mixed results. Revisiting this issue with longitudinal youth data for the nation, random effects Poisson models find main effects for gang membership and SES on arrest, controlling for demographic and legal items. However, interaction effects obtain paradoxical findings consistent with research on “out-of-place” effects for high-SES gang youth, and protective effects for low-SES gang youth. These findings are discussed in terms of their implications for labeling theory and the federal initiative on disproportionate minority contact (DMC) with the juvenile justice system. |
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Bibliography Citation
Tapia, Michael. "U.S. Juvenile Arrests: Gang Membership, Social Class, and Labeling Effects." Youth and Society 43,4 (December 2011): 1407-1432.
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Tapia, Michael |
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Untangling Race and Class Effects on Juvenile Arrests Journal of Criminal Justice 38,3 (May-June 2010): 255-265. Also: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S004723521000036X Cohort(s): NLSY97 Publisher: Elsevier Keyword(s): Arrests; Racial Differences; Socioeconomic Status (SES) This study employed a synthesis of conflict and labeling theory to reexamine the often observed links between race, social class, and arrest. Using longitudinal data on a representative sample of U.S. teens, random effects negative binomial regressions detected direct and indirect effects of race and class on arrest. In support of main effects hypotheses, racial minority status and low SES increased arrests, controlling for demographic and legal items. Consistent with research on “out of place” effects for minority youth in high SES contexts, and counter to expectations, interactions showed that racial minority status increased arrest risk for high SES youth significantly more than it did for low SES youth. Somewhat reminiscent of research on the “Latino paradox,” the effect of minority status on arrest at low-income levels did not exert the same interactive effect for Hispanics as it did for Blacks. Implications for theory, policy, and future research are discussed. |
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Bibliography Citation
Tapia, Michael. "Untangling Race and Class Effects on Juvenile Arrests." Journal of Criminal Justice 38,3 (May-June 2010): 255-265.
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Tapia, Michael Alarid, Leanne Fiftal Clare, Courtney |
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Parenting Styles and Juvenile Delinquency: Exploring Gendered Relationships Juvenile and Family Court Journal 69,2 (June 2018): 21-36. Also: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jfcj.12110 Cohort(s): NLSY97 Publisher: Wiley Online Keyword(s): Delinquency/Gang Activity; Gender Differences; Parenting Skills/Styles Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. We use the NLSY97 dataset to examine the parenting‐delinquency relationship and how it is conditioned by parents' gender, controlling for youths' gender. Generally, neglectful and authoritarian parenting styles were associated with the highest levels of delinquency in youths. When the sample was split by parent gender, authoritarianism held up across both groups, but permissive and neglectful parenting was only significant for fathers. Independent of parenting style, boys have higher delinquency levels than girls. The strength and magnitude of this relationship is nearly identical in separate equations for mothers and fathers. Parental attachment was not a significant protective factor against delinquency for either mothers or fathers. |
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Bibliography Citation
Tapia, Michael, Leanne Fiftal Alarid and Courtney Clare. "Parenting Styles and Juvenile Delinquency: Exploring Gendered Relationships." Juvenile and Family Court Journal 69,2 (June 2018): 21-36.
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Tapia, Michael Alarid, Leanne Fiftal Hutcherson, Donald T., II |
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Youthful Arrest and Parental Support: Gendered Effects in Straining the Parent–Child Relationship Deviant Behavior 36,8 (2015): 674-690. Also: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01639625.2014.951584 Cohort(s): NLSY97 Publisher: Taylor & Francis Keyword(s): Arrests; Delinquency/Gang Activity; Gender Differences; Parent-Child Relationship/Closeness; Parental Influences Much research confirms the importance of the quality of the parent–child relationship on youth involvement in delinquency. Yet, few have examined this in reverse order, that is, how an arrest for delinquency impacts the parent–child relationship. This article explores the effects of arrest on the child's perceived level of parental support using youth survey data for the nation. Among non-arrested youth, parental support experiences a gradual decline during the early teen years, and a considerable rebound in the late teen years. Among arrested youth, support shows sharper drops and recoveries over the teen years. Controlling for a set of social, legal, and demographic items, we examine the effects of the number of arrests on parental support with multinomial logistic regression, noting several gender effects. First, we find that arrests predict lower levels of support for mothers, but not for fathers. An equally noteworthy finding is that boys report more parental support than girls do, regardless of parent gender. |
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Bibliography Citation
Tapia, Michael, Leanne Fiftal Alarid and Donald T. Hutcherson. "Youthful Arrest and Parental Support: Gendered Effects in Straining the Parent–Child Relationship." Deviant Behavior 36,8 (2015): 674-690.
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