Search Results
Author: Stevens, Tia
Resulting in 7 citations.
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Park, Suyeon Morash, Merry Stevens, Tia |
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Gender Differences in Predictors of Assaultive Behavior in Late Adolescence Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice 8,4 (October 2010): 314-331. Also: http://yvj.sagepub.com/content/8/4/314.abstract Cohort(s): NLSY97 Publisher: Sage Publications Keyword(s): Behavior, Antisocial; Behavior, Violent; Behavioral Problems; Delinquency/Gang Activity; Gender Differences; Parent Supervision/Monitoring; Religious Influences; Risk Perception; Risk-Taking; Runaways Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. This article addresses controversy over gender differences in risk and protective factors for late-adolescence assaults. A secondary analysis of data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, 1997 cohort considered 2,552 youth aged 12 or 13 in the first survey wave. Comparison of girls and boys revealed, as expected, boys had higher levels of risk factors: early delinquency, gang involvement, and hopelessness. Girls were higher in the protective factors, parental monitoring, and school and religious ties; but boys were higher in parental support and work involvement. Negative binomial regression showed that gang exposure and hopelessness explained assaults, regardless of gender. For girls, early runaway behavior and work activity were positively, and parental monitoring was negatively, related to assaults. Unexpectedly, boys with high parental support were more assaultive than others. Prevention requires addressing negative contexts for all youth, but for girls, programs also must address conditions promoting their running away. Sage Publications Ltd., 6 Bonhill St. London EC2A 4PU UK |
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Bibliography Citation
Park, Suyeon, Merry Morash and Tia Stevens. "Gender Differences in Predictors of Assaultive Behavior in Late Adolescence." Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice 8,4 (October 2010): 314-331.
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| 2. |
Stevens, Tia |
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Effects of County and State Contextual Factors on Youth Disproportionate Contact with the Justice System Presented: Chicago IL, American Society of Criminology Annual Meeting, 2013 Cohort(s): NLSY97 Publisher: American Society of Criminology Keyword(s): Arrests; Criminal Justice System; Delinquency/Gang Activity; Geocoded Data; Modeling, Multilevel; Racial Differences; State-Level Data/Policy Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. The current study identifies the county- and state-level political, economic, and social factors associated with severity of justice system response to youth. It also identifies which contextual factors moderate relationships between individual-level characteristics and severity of the justice system response. The data analyzed was created by joining the public-use National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY97) with county- and state-specific data via the restricted use county-level NLSY97 geocode data. To take advantage of the longitudinal nature of the NLSY97 data, a combination of multilevel modeling techniques and generalized linear modeling was employed to examine the effects of individual characteristics and contextual conditions on youths’ hazard of arrest and probabilities of charge, a court appearance, conviction, and placement, controlling for self-reported delinquent behavior. This project has the potential to show whether economic, political, and social contexts have a disproportionate impact on the arrest, conviction, and placement of minority youth, especially young women of color. Knowing this may explain the high levels of disproportionate minority penetration into the juvenile justice system as well as girls’ increased proportion of juvenile justice system caseloads. |
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Bibliography Citation
Stevens, Tia. "Effects of County and State Contextual Factors on Youth Disproportionate Contact with the Justice System." Presented: Chicago IL, American Society of Criminology Annual Meeting, 2013. |
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Stevens, Tia |
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Effects of County and State Economic, Social, and Political Contexts on Racial/Ethnic and Gender Differences in Youth's Penetration into the Justice System Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Criminal Justice, Michigan State University, 2013 Cohort(s): NLSY97 Publisher: ProQuest Dissertations & Theses (PQDT) Keyword(s): Arrests; Criminal Justice System; Gender Differences; Geocoded Data; Racial Differences; State-Level Data/Policy Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. The current study is designed to extend the empirical and theoretical research on disproportionate youth contact with the justice system. Missing from the considerable body of work examining the effects of extralegal factors on police behavior and justice system processing is an examination of the social, political, and economic contextual factors that may influence disparities in justice system contact. The current study addresses this gap by identifying contextual factors associated with severity of justice system response to youth and by identifying the macro-structural environments that disproportionately affect young women and youth of color. Specifically, it examines the direct effects of county and state characteristics on youth risk of arrest and probabilities of charge, a court appearance, conviction, and placement and how the effects of individual characteristics and county and state characteristics interact to disproportionately impact certain groups of youth in certain environments. The main dataset for this study was constructed from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY97). Using the confidential NLSY97 Geocode File, the NLSY97 was appended with county- and state-specific data from various publically available sources indicating structural disadvantage, population composition, political conservatism, prosecutor's office characteristics, delinquency petition and crime rates, gender inequity, child health and well-being, and juvenile justice policy punitiveness. To take advantage of the longitudinal nature of the NLSY97 data, a combination of multilevel modeling techniques, event history analysis, and generalized linear modeling was employed to examine the effects of individual characteristics and contextual conditions on youths' risk of arrest and probabilities of charge, a court appearance, conviction, and placement. The findings suggest that the effects of gender and racial/ethnic group on youth penetration into the justice system are more pronounced at some decision-making levels and depend on contextual environment. The results of the analyses by race, gender, and ethnicity suggest three major findings. First, racial disparities are present in youth risk of arrest, which are magnified in predominately non-Black communities. However, this study also found evidence of a compensatory effect whereby Black youth receive more favorable court dispositions than their non-Black counterparts. Second, the gender gap in youth justice system processing depends on state climates of women and children's health and wellbeing. Specifically, as women and children's health and wellbeing decrease, the gender gap in processing narrows and, in the case of court appearance, reverses. Third and finally, Hispanic youth are treated disproportionately more harshly in states with poor climates of children's health and wellbeing and in states with less punitive juvenile justice systems. Overall, the findings indicate that the reduction of gender and racial/ethnic disparities is unlikely without commitment to the structural reform of inequalities. Intervention efforts to reduce disparities should be multifaceted and include community-based youth-serving organizations and human services agencies, in addition to criminal and juvenile justice agencies. |
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Bibliography Citation
Stevens, Tia. Effects of County and State Economic, Social, and Political Contexts on Racial/Ethnic and Gender Differences in Youth's Penetration into the Justice System. Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Criminal Justice, Michigan State University, 2013. |
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Stevens, Tia Morash, Merry |
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Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Boys' Probability of Arrest and Court Actions in 1980 and 2000: The Disproportionate Impact of "Getting Tough" on Crime Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice 13,1 (January 2015): 77-95. Also: http://yvj.sagepub.com/content/13/1/77.abstract Cohort(s): NLSY79, NLSY97 Publisher: Sage Publications Keyword(s): Arrests; Crime; Criminal Justice System; Delinquency/Gang Activity; Ethnic Differences; Male Sample; Racial Differences Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. This study was designed to examine whether the shift in juvenile justice policy toward punitive sanctioning disproportionately impacted racial and ethnic minority boys. Using a nationally representative sample derived from the National Longitudinal Surveys of Youth 1979 and 1997 (NLSY79, NLSY97), this study examines 1980-2000 differences in contact with the justice system, controlling for self-reported delinquency. Results confirmed that boys in 2000 were significantly more likely than those in 1980 to report being charged with a crime. Once charged, they were less likely to be diverted and more likely to be convicted and placed in a correctional institution. Consideration of interaction effects revealed these effects were magnified for Black and Hispanic males. These findings provide evidence of a general trend toward more punitive treatment of boys in the juvenile justice system, especially racial and ethnic minority boys. |
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Bibliography Citation
Stevens, Tia and Merry Morash. "Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Boys' Probability of Arrest and Court Actions in 1980 and 2000: The Disproportionate Impact of "Getting Tough" on Crime." Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice 13,1 (January 2015): 77-95.
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| 5. |
Stevens, Tia Morash, Merry |
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The Roles of School-Level and Neighborhood-Level Characteristics in Explaining Delinquency and Involvement with the Criminal Justice System: A Cross-Classified Multilevel Analysis Presented: Chicago IL, American Society of Criminology Annual Meeting, 2012 Cohort(s): NLSY97 Publisher: American Society of Criminology Keyword(s): Census of Population; Criminal Justice System; Delinquency/Gang Activity; Geocoded Data; Neighborhood Effects; School Characteristics/Rating/Safety Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. This paper uses the public-use National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 (NLSY97) data, the confidential NLSY97 School Survey, the confidential NLSY97 Geocode data, and the public-use U.S. Census data to examine the effects of school and neighborhood context on delinquency, net of the effects of early delinquency, demographic characteristics, and individual risk and protective factors. We analyze the data using cross-classified multilevel models, because, although youth are nested within schools, schools are not perfectly nested within communities. A key early contribution of criminological theory and related research is that at the neighborhood level, ecological conditions are highly related to illegal activity, including delinquency. However, there is limited research examining the effects of school context after controlling for neighborhood contextual variables and individual risk/protective factors. It is important to identify school contextual influences that are negatively and positively related to delinquency. In an era of shrinking financial support for schools and an increasingly punitive juvenile justice system that in many jurisdictions has shifted away from rehabilitation, knowing whether certain features of schools have direct effects on delinquency or affect the connection of other variables to delinquency can inform decisions about investments in schools that might prevent or reduce delinquency. |
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Bibliography Citation
Stevens, Tia and Merry Morash. "The Roles of School-Level and Neighborhood-Level Characteristics in Explaining Delinquency and Involvement with the Criminal Justice System: A Cross-Classified Multilevel Analysis." Presented: Chicago IL, American Society of Criminology Annual Meeting, 2012. |
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Stevens, Tia Morash, Merry Chesney-Lind, Meda |
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Are Girls Getting Tougher, or Are We Tougher on Girls? Probability of Arrest and Juvenile Court Oversight in 1980 and 2000 Justice Quarterly 28,5 (2011): 719-744. Also: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07418825.2010.532146 Cohort(s): NLSY79, NLSY97 Publisher: Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences Keyword(s): Arrests; Crime; Criminal Justice System; Gender Differences; Racial Differences Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Girls suspected or convicted of assaults make up an increasing proportion of juvenile arrests and court caseloads. There is indication that changes in domestic violence arrest policies, school handling of student rules infractions, and practices of charging youth for assaults rather than status offenses account for these trends. To determine whether girls were treated more harshly for assaults after these policies changed, the present study compared the probabilities of conviction and institutionalization, net of the effect of self-reported attacks on persons, for 1980 and 2000. Data were from the National Longitudinal Surveys of Youth 1979 and 1997 cohorts. Girls experienced a unique increase in the probabilities of justice system involvement that was replicated only for Black males. The increase was magnified for Black girls. Additional research is needed to better connect specific policies to drawing selected subgroups more deeply into the justice system and on the consequences for affected youth. |
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Bibliography Citation
Stevens, Tia, Merry Morash and Meda Chesney-Lind. "Are Girls Getting Tougher, or Are We Tougher on Girls? Probability of Arrest and Juvenile Court Oversight in 1980 and 2000." Justice Quarterly 28,5 (2011): 719-744.
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| 7. |
Stevens, Tia Morash, Merry Park, Suyeon |
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Late-Adolescent Delinquency: Risks and Resilience for Girls Differing in Risk at the Start of Adolescence Youth and Society 43,4 (December 2011): 1433-1458. Also: http://yas.sagepub.com/content/43/4/1433.abstract Cohort(s): NLSY97 Publisher: Sage Publications Keyword(s): Adolescent Behavior; Delinquency/Gang Activity; Family Influences; Parent Supervision/Monitoring; Poverty; Racial Differences Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Based on resilience and feminist criminological theories, several individual, family, and community characteristics were hypothesized to predict late-adolescent delinquency for girls varying in early-adolescent risk. Girls aged 12 and 13 were interviewed each year as part of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997. Predictors of late-adolescent delinquency were compared for girls in and below the top 10% in self-reported early-adolescent delinquency. Girls who were higher in delinquency in early adolescence were resilient by 2002 if they had no incarcerated family members and high parental monitoring. Girls with little or no early delinquency were at risk for illegal activity by age 17 primarily due to contextual adversities, low hope for the future, poverty status, and minority racial status. Persistently delinquent girls require programming to address multiple risk and protective factors over an extended time. To prevent delinquency beginning later in adolescence, girls need safe community and school contexts. |
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Bibliography Citation
Stevens, Tia, Merry Morash and Suyeon Park. "Late-Adolescent Delinquency: Risks and Resilience for Girls Differing in Risk at the Start of Adolescence." Youth and Society 43,4 (December 2011): 1433-1458.
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