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Author: Smith, Trenton G.

Resulting in 5 citations.

1.	Barnes, Michael G. Smith, Trenton G.
1.	Tobacco Use as Response to Economic Insecurity: Evidence from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis and Policy 9,1 (5 November 2009): Article 47. Also: http://www.bepress.com/bejeap/vol9/iss1/art47/ Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Berkeley Electronic Press (bpress) Keyword(s): Cigarette Use (see Smoking); Economic Changes/Recession; Economic Well-Being; Heterogeneity; Household Income; Income Risk; Smoking (see Cigarette Use); Variables, Instrumental Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. [B.E. = Berkeley Electronic Press] Emerging evidence from neuroscience and clinical research suggests a novel hypothesis about tobacco use: consumers may choose to smoke, in part, as a 'self-medicating' response to the presence of economic insecurity. To test this hypothesis, we examine the effect of economic insecurity (roughly, the risk of catastrophic income loss) on the smoking behavior of a sample of male working-age smokers from the 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY79). Using instrumental variables to control for unobserved heterogeneity, we find that economic insecurity has a large and statistically significant positive effect on the decision to continue or resume smoking. Our results indicate, for example, that a 1 percent increase in the probability of becoming unemployed causes an individual to be 2.4 percent more likely to continue smoking. We find that the explanatory power of economic insecurity in predicting tobacco use is comparable to (but distinct from) household income, a more commonly used metric.
	Bibliography Citation Barnes, Michael G. and Trenton G. Smith. "Tobacco Use as Response to Economic Insecurity: Evidence from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth." B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis and Policy 9,1 (5 November 2009): Article 47.

2.	Barnes, Michael G. Smith, Trenton G. Yoder, Jonathan K.
2.	Economic Insecurity and the Spread of Obesity in Social Networks Working Paper Series 2010-2, School of Economic Sciences, Washington State University, 2010. Also: http://www.ses.wsu.edu/PDFFiles/WorkingPapers/TSmith/wp2010-2.pdf Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: School of Economic Sciences, Washington State University Keyword(s): Cohabitation; Economic Well-Being; Endogeneity; Household Composition; Obesity; Variables, Independent - Covariate; Variables, Instrumental; Weight Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. A number of recent studies have provided evidence suggesting that increases in body weight may spread via social networks. The mechanism(s) by which this might occur have become the subject of much speculation, but to date little direct evidence has been available. We provide evidence for one such mechanism: economic insecurity. Using a sample of working-age men from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, we show that cohabitation with working (but not non-working) adults appears to be protective against weight gain. We address the potential endogeneity of the independent variable by employing instrumental variables in our regression analysis.
	Bibliography Citation Barnes, Michael G., Trenton G. Smith and Jonathan K. Yoder. "Economic Insecurity and the Spread of Obesity in Social Networks." Working Paper Series 2010-2, School of Economic Sciences, Washington State University, 2010.

3.	Barnes, Michael G. Smith, Trenton G. Yoder, Jonathan K.
3.	Effects of Household Composition and Income Security on Body Weight in Working-age Men Obesity 21,9 (September 2013): E483-E489. Also: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/oby.20302/abstract Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Wiley Online Keyword(s): Body Mass Index (BMI); Cohabitation; Household Composition; Income; Labor Force Participation; Obesity; Weight Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Using a sample of 2,541 working-age men from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (1979), the effect of cohabitation on weight gain over a 6-year period was estimated. The potential confound caused by the joint determination of economic insecurity and cohabitation status with instrumental variables that exploit variation in local and state-level macroeconomic conditions and the presence of children in the home was addressed.
	Bibliography Citation Barnes, Michael G., Trenton G. Smith and Jonathan K. Yoder. "Effects of Household Composition and Income Security on Body Weight in Working-age Men." Obesity 21,9 (September 2013): E483-E489.

4.	Smith, Trenton G. Stoddard, Christiana Barnes, Michael G.
4.	Why the Poor Get Fat: Weight Gain and Economic Insecurity Forum for Health Economics and Policy 12,2 (December 2009): 1-29. Advance on-line publication by Berkeley Electronic Press. Also: http://www.bepress.com/fhep/12/2/5/ Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Berkeley Electronic Press (bpress) Keyword(s): Income; Income Level; Income Risk; Insurance, Health; Obesity; Poverty; Weight Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Something about being poor makes people fat. Though there are many possible explanations for the income-body weight gradient, we investigate a promising but little-studied hypothesis: that changes in body weight can-at least in part-be explained as an optimal response to economic insecurity. We use data on working-age men from the 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY79) to identify the effects of various measures of economic insecurity on weight gain. We find in particular that over the 12-year period between 1988 and 2000, the average man gained about 21 pounds. A one percentage point (0.01) increase in the probability of becoming unemployed causes weight gain over this period to increase by about 0.6 pounds, and each realized 50% drop in annual income results in an increase of about 5 pounds. The mechanism also appears to work in reverse, with health insurance and intrafamily transfers protecting against weight gain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
	Bibliography Citation Smith, Trenton G., Christiana Stoddard and Michael G. Barnes. "Why the Poor Get Fat: Weight Gain and Economic Insecurity." Forum for Health Economics and Policy 12,2 (December 2009): 1-29. Advance on-line publication by Berkeley Electronic Press.

5.	Smith, Trenton G. Stoddard, Christiana Barnes, Michael G.
5.	Why the Poor Get Fat: Weight Gain and Economic Insecurity Working Papers: 2007-16, School of Economic Sciences, Washington State University, 2007. Also: http://www.ses.wsu.edu/PDFFiles/WorkingPapers/Insecurity033007.pdf Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: School of Economic Sciences, Washington State University Keyword(s): Income; Insurance, Health; Obesity; Poverty; Unemployment; Weight; Welfare Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Something about being poor makes people fat. Though there are many possible explanations for the income-body weight gradient, we investigate a promising but little-studied hypothesis: that economic insecurity acts as an independent cause of weight gain. We use data on working age men from the 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY79) to identify the effect of various measures of economic insecurity on weight gain. We find in particular that over the 12-year period between 1988 and 2000, a one point (0.01) increase in the probability of becoming unemployed causes weight gain over this period to increase by about one pound, and each realized drop in annual income results in an increase of about 5.5 pounds. The mechanism also appears to work in reverse, with health insurance and government "social safety net" payments leading to smaller weight gains.
	Bibliography Citation Smith, Trenton G., Christiana Stoddard and Michael G. Barnes. "Why the Poor Get Fat: Weight Gain and Economic Insecurity." Working Papers: 2007-16, School of Economic Sciences, Washington State University, 2007.

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