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Author: Segal, Lewis Mark
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Segal, Lewis Mark |
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Four Essays on the Supply of Volunteer Labor and Econometrics Ph.D. Dissertation, Northwestern University, 1993 Cohort(s): Mature Women, Young Women Publisher: UMI - University Microfilms, Bell and Howell Information and Learning Keyword(s): Current Population Survey (CPS) / CPS-Fertility Supplement; Data Analysis; Demography; Family Structure; Labor Supply; Leisure; Marital Status; Modeling, Fixed Effects; Monte Carlo; Statistical Analysis; Volunteer Work; Wage Models; Wages The goal of the first three essays is to apply economic theory and second generation labor supply methods to the study of volunteer (unpaid) labor, paid labor, and wages. The first essay develops a three good model of leisure, consumption, and volunteering based on the shadow price model of Heckman (1974) and the fixed cost model of Cogan (1981). Using data from the Current Population Survey, I find that wages have a large positive effect on volunteering by single men and a negligible positive effect on volunteering by single women. Note that theory does not predict the sign of the compensated or uncompensated wage effect on volunteering in the three goods model. The second essay considers the hypothesis that increased paid labor implies decreased volunteer labor. Fixed effect probability models examine volunteer participation by women in the National Longitudinal Survey of Labor Market Experience. A positive employment effect and a negative paid hours effect lead to the prediction of a lower volunteer participation rate in the young cohort than in the mature cohort. However, a comparison of comparably aged women reveals that the later cohort volunteers at a higher rate than the earlier cohort, even after controlling for demographic differences including marital status and family composition. The third essay uses the CPS data to examine volunteering within the family where volunteer activity is positively correlated across family members through observed and unobserved common characteristics. Volunteer time supplied by wives tends to crowd out time supplied by their husbands and volunteer participation by parents increases the probability that their children volunteer. The parental effect dissipates with the age of the child. The final essay presents theoretical and Monte Carlo evidence of bias in generalized method of moments (GMM) estimation of covariance models and suggests a new unbiased estimator. The bias results from a positive correlation between the moments and the weighting matrix used in the GMM procedure. The proposed estimator uses separate data subsamples to estimate the moments and weights, thereby eliminating the correlation and the small sample bias. |
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Bibliography Citation
Segal, Lewis Mark. Four Essays on the Supply of Volunteer Labor and Econometrics. Ph.D. Dissertation, Northwestern University, 1993. |