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Author: Rackin, Heather

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1.	Morgan, S. Philip Rackin, Heather
1.	Comparing Prospective and Retrospective Measures of Unwanted Fertility Presented: Dallas, TX, Population Association of America Meetings, April 2010 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Population Association of America Keyword(s): Fertility; Motherhood; Mothers; Pregnancy and Pregnancy Outcomes; Wantedness Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. We use the 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth to compare levels and correlates of prospective and retrospective measurements of unwanted fertility. Specifically, we contrast traditional retrospective measures with a new strategy that uses prospective intention measures that were asked 17 times over a three decade period. For instance, if a respondent reports in two consecutive surveys that she intends no more children, then we code a birth prior to the next survey as “prospectively unwanted”. Our preliminary results show that this prospective measure of unwanted fertility identifies 14.7% of all births to this cohort as unwanted. Traditional retrospective reports identify only 9.7% of births as unwanted. Planned analyses will compare the correlates of unwanted births using these two approaches as well as correlates of factors that predict when a birth will be differentially coded using these two approaches.
	Bibliography Citation Morgan, S. Philip and Heather Rackin. "Comparing Prospective and Retrospective Measures of Unwanted Fertility." Presented: Dallas, TX, Population Association of America Meetings, April 2010.

2.	Morgan, S. Philip Rackin, Heather
2.	Revisiting "Missing the Target": Correspondence of Fertility Intentions and Behavior in the U.S. Presented: Detroit MI, Population Association of America Annual Meeting, April 2009 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Population Association of America Keyword(s): Birth Rate; Expectations/Intentions; Family Size; Fertility; Life Course; Marital Status Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Most young men and women intend to have children; two children is highly normative and the modal response. Fertility levels well below replacement result because these intentions are not met – a common occurrence in many countries. Using U.S. data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, 1979 (NLSY79), we examine the co-variation in actual fertility and fertility intentions over a three-decade period. We build on Quesnel-Vallée and Morgan (2003) who used these same data. Specifically, the younger half of the sample has now reached the end of their reproductive years, and we can explore fully the correspondence between intended and realized family size (for women and men in the 1957 to 1964 birth cohorts). We begin to examine causes for the lack of correspondence in intent and behavior by examining the effect of blended families. Blended families change fertility intentions and realizations, contingent upon where previous children reside and other factors.
	Bibliography Citation Morgan, S. Philip and Heather Rackin. "Revisiting "Missing the Target": Correspondence of Fertility Intentions and Behavior in the U.S." Presented: Detroit MI, Population Association of America Annual Meeting, April 2009.

3.	Morgan, S. Philip Rackin, Heather
3.	The Correspondence Between Fertility Intentions and Behavior in the United States Population and Development Review 36,1 (March 2010): 91-118. Also: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1728-4457.2010.00319.x/abstract Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Population Council Keyword(s): Birth Rate; Expectations/Intentions; Family Size; Fertility; Life Course; Marital Status Using data from the 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, we describe the correspondence between intended family size and observed fertility for US men and women in the 1957-64 birth cohorts. Mean fertility intentions calculated from reports given in the mid-20s modestly overstate completed fertility. But discrepancies between stated intent and actual fertility are common--the stated intent at age 24 (for both women and men) is more likely to miss than to match completed fertility. We focus on factors that predict which women and men will have fewer or more children than intended. Consistent with life-course arguments, those unmarried, childless, or (for women) still in school at approximately age 24 were most likely to underachieve their intended parity (i.e., had fewer children than intended at age 24). We discuss how such discrepancies between intentions and behavior may cumulate to produce sizable cross-group fertility differences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Population & Development Review is the property of Blackwell Publishing Limited and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
	Bibliography Citation Morgan, S. Philip and Heather Rackin. "The Correspondence Between Fertility Intentions and Behavior in the United States." Population and Development Review 36,1 (March 2010): 91-118.

4.	Rackin, Heather Gibson-Davis, Christina
4.	In Search of a New Family Form: The Distribution and Duration of Shotgun Cohabitation Presented: Atlanta GA, American Sociological Association Annual Meeting, August 2010 Cohort(s): NLSY97 Publisher: American Sociological Association Keyword(s): Cohabitation; First Birth; Marital Status; Marriage; Pregnancy and Pregnancy Outcomes Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Shotgun marriage in which a marital union occurred post-conception but pre-birth has largely disappeared from the family formation landscape. Here, we identify a new type of relationship that may have supplanted shotgun marriage: shotgun cohabitation, in which couples began cohabiting after conception but prior to the birth. We use data from the first ten rounds of the National Longitudinal Survey 1997 (NLS97) to analyze household relationship types at the time of a first birth. We find that 12% of parents are in a shotgun cohabitation relationship, compared to 6% in a shotgun marriage. Shotgun cohabitations also account for nearly one-quarter of all unions. Contrary to expectations, relationships which began as a result of a pregnancy were not more likely to dissolve than relationships that did not. However, both shot-gun cohabitations and cohabitations that existed before a birth dissolved much faster than both types of marriages.
	Bibliography Citation Rackin, Heather and Christina Gibson-Davis. "In Search of a New Family Form: The Distribution and Duration of Shotgun Cohabitation." Presented: Atlanta GA, American Sociological Association Annual Meeting, August 2010.

5.	Rackin, Heather Gibson-Davis, Christina
5.	The Role of Pre- and Postconception Relationships for First-Time Parents Journal of Marriage and Family 74,3 (June 2012): 526-539. Also: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2012.00974.x/abstract Cohort(s): NLSY97 Publisher: Blackwell Publishing, Inc. => Wiley Online Keyword(s): Age at First Birth; Cohabitation; Marital Status Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997, a nationally representative cohort of young adults, the authors analyzed relationship type at the time of a first birth (N = 4,044). More than 10% of births were to a postconception cohabiting household (cohabitations that were initiated between conception and birth), a higher proportion of births than those born to postconception married households. Individuals in postconception and preconception cohabiting relationships (cohabitations that existed prior to conception) were demographically similar; both groups were associated with lower levels of socioeconomic advantage relative to those in preconception and postconception marriage. Postconception and preconception cohabiting relationships were associated with similar levels of dissolution, as 40% dissolved within 3 years of a child's birth. Having a marital union, rather than whether relationship was established pre- or postconception, was more strongly associated with who selected into the relationship and how long the relationship lasted.
	Bibliography Citation Rackin, Heather and Christina Gibson-Davis. "The Role of Pre- and Postconception Relationships for First-Time Parents." Journal of Marriage and Family 74,3 (June 2012): 526-539.

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