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Author: Mitra, Aparna

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1.	Mitra, Aparna
1.	Access to Supervisory Jobs and the Gender Wage Gap among Professionals Journal of Economic Issues 37,4 (December 2003): 1023-1044. Also: http://search.epnet.com/direct.asp?an=0674110&db=ecn Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Association for Evolutionary Economics (AFEE) Keyword(s): Current Population Survey (CPS) / CPS-Fertility Supplement; Discrimination, Age; Discrimination, Racial/Ethnic; Discrimination, Sex; Education; Human Capital; Job Tenure; Marital Status; Modeling, Logit; Occupational Choice; Test Scores/Test theory/IRT; Wage Differentials; Wage Levels; Wages, Men; Wages, Women Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (1998), this paper analyzes the allocation of supervisory positions and earnings of men and women in professional jobs. The results show that women are less likely than men to hold supervisory positions even after controlling for detailed worker and job characteristics. Professional women earn marginally higher wages associated with supervisory duties, and significant gender wage gap exists among all supervisors. However, among supervisors who hold authority positions, women earn substantially higher wages and the gender wage gap is significantly reduced. Human capital variables explain very little of the gender wage differential among supervisors. Additionally, employment in large firms enhances the earnings of male supervisors but has no impact on women's career and earnings.
	Bibliography Citation Mitra, Aparna. "Access to Supervisory Jobs and the Gender Wage Gap among Professionals." Journal of Economic Issues 37,4 (December 2003): 1023-1044.

2.	Mitra, Aparna
2.	Cognitive Skills and Black-White Wages in the United States Labor Market Journal of Socio-Economics 29,4 (2000): 389-401. Also: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053535700000822 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Elsevier Keyword(s): Cognitive Ability; Educational Attainment; Educational Returns; Racial Differences; Unions; Wage Gap; Wages Data on 2,370 adults, ages 23-30, from the 1998 wave of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth are used to analyze the effects of cognitive skills on the wages of whites and African Americans in white-and blue-collar occupations. The results show that cognitive skills, net of education, are important predictors of wages across all occupations. Mathematics skills, in particular, contribute to significant wage premiums for workers in white- and blue-collar occupations, with the exception of blacks in blue-collar professions, where English skills lead to significant wage premiums. While the incorporation of cognitive skills narrows the black-white wage gap considerably, the effects of skills on the wages of blacks and whites are far from uniform. Despite using detailed controls for the quality of education, an extra year of schooling yields the highest wage premium for whites in all occupations. 4 Tables, 1 Figure, 18 References. Adapted from the source document.
	Bibliography Citation Mitra, Aparna. "Cognitive Skills and Black-White Wages in the United States Labor Market." Journal of Socio-Economics 29,4 (2000): 389-401.

3.	Mitra, Aparna
3.	Effects of Firm and Industry Structures on Black/White Wage Inequality in the United States Economy, 1988 Ph.D. Dissertation, The University of Texas at Dallas, 1995 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: UMI - University Microfilms, Bell and Howell Information and Learning Keyword(s): Affirmative Action; Cognitive Ability; Ethnic Studies; Firms; Human Capital; Labor Economics; Modeling, Logit; Private Sector; Racial Differences; Racial Studies; Wage Differentials This study attempts to analyze black/white wage differentials by incorporating human capital attributes as well as firm and job characteristics, with emphasis on the latter. The focus of the study is to analyze the effects of allocation in the different segments of the labor market on wages, as well as the importance of cognitive skills and education in the allocation process. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (1988), ordinary least squares (OLS) regressions and logit models are used to estimate a recursive model that partitions out the total wage differentials into direct and indirect components. The analysis focuses on 2,370 full-time private sector employees. The results show that (1) although there is no significant racial gap in education as measured by years of schooling, blacks are entering the labor market with considerable handicaps in the form of lower test scores, (2) cognitive skills, net of education, is important in the allocation process, (3) blacks are disproportionately employed in large firms and establishments, and (4) even though blacks are employed in the high wage sector of the labor market, significant wage differentials exist, net of human capital attributes and job placement. The results suggest that efforts to improve the cognitive achievements of blacks should be at the forefront of policy making and policy makers need to be aware of the differences in the quality of education received by blacks and whites. The results of the allocation process show that affirmative action is helping blacks in finding employment in the high wage sector and that the existing wage differential would have been magnified if blacks were not provided with opportunities to be employed in large firms and establishments.
	Bibliography Citation Mitra, Aparna. Effects of Firm and Industry Structures on Black/White Wage Inequality in the United States Economy, 1988. Ph.D. Dissertation, The University of Texas at Dallas, 1995.

4.	Mitra, Aparna
4.	Effects of Physical Attributes on the Wages of Males And Females Applied Economics Letters 8,11 (November 2001): 731-735. Also: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13504850110047605 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Routledge ==> Taylor & Francis (1998) Keyword(s): Height; Height, Height-Weight Ratios; Occupational Status; Physical Characteristics; Wages, Men; Wages, Women; Weight Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (1993), this study analyses the effects of physical attributes, namely, height and weight, on the wages of males and females in professional and blue-collar occupations. A parallel theme of analysis is whether physical attributes have any impact on the wages of workers with high mathematics and computational skills. The results of this study show that among professionals and blue-collar workers, physical attributes significantly affect the wages of women and have no impact on the wages of men. Taller women enjoy wage premiums, while overweight women experience significant wage penalties. Another important finding is that among women with above average quantitative skills, the effects of physical attributes on wages are insignificant.
	Bibliography Citation Mitra, Aparna. "Effects of Physical Attributes on the Wages of Males And Females ." Applied Economics Letters 8,11 (November 2001): 731-735.

5.	Mitra, Aparna
5.	Mathematics Skill and Male/Female Wages Journal of Socio-Economics 31,5 (2002): 443-456. Also: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053535702001300 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Elsevier Keyword(s): Gender Differences; Wage Differentials; Wage Gap Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY; 1993), this paper analyzes the extent of wage differentials between men and women and the impact of mathematics and verbal skills on the wages of men and women across different levels of education and occupations. The results show that mathematics skills lead to significant wage premiums across all groups of workers. Separate analyses by gender show that women with superior mathematics skill experience wage gains that are comparable to or higher than the wage premiums enjoyed by men. Although women earn significantly lower wages than men do across all levels of education and occupational categories, the gender wage gap is not significant among professional men and women with above-average mathematics skills. One way of reducing the gender wage gap would be to encourage girls to invest more in high school mathematics courses in order to improve their quantitative skills. [Copyright 2002 Elsevier.]
	Bibliography Citation Mitra, Aparna. "Mathematics Skill and Male/Female Wages." Journal of Socio-Economics 31,5 (2002): 443-456.

6.	Mitra, Aparna
6.	Structural Characteristics of Firms and Industries and Black and White Wage Inequality in the U.S. Economy: 1998 Atlantic Economic Journal 27,2 (June 1999): 179-192. Also: http://www.springerlink.com/content/2q4063763n41tuu9/ Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: International Atlantic Economic Society Keyword(s): Cognitive Ability; Education; Racial Differences; Wage Differentials; Wage Gap Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. The effects of firm and job characteristics on the wages of blacks and whites are analyzed using data from the 1988 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. The focus is on 2,370 full-time private sector employees. Results show that, first, blacks are disproportionately employed in large establishments despite their lower cognitive achievements. Second, blacks do not enjoy significant wage premiums associated with supervisory positions. Third, although the wage gap between blacks and whites is reduced considerably, controlling for education and cognitive skills, the gap increases significantly when structural abilities are included in the wage regressions despite the large wage premiums associated with employment in large establishments.
	Bibliography Citation Mitra, Aparna. "Structural Characteristics of Firms and Industries and Black and White Wage Inequality in the U.S. Economy: 1998." Atlantic Economic Journal 27,2 (June 1999): 179-192.

7.	Mitra, Aparna
7.	The Allocation of Blacks in Large Firms and Establishments and Black-White Wage Inequality in the U.S. Economy Sociological Inquiry 69,3 (August 1999): 382-403. Also: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1475-682X.1999.tb00877.x/abstract Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: University of Texas Press Keyword(s): Racial Differences; Wage Differentials; Wage Gap; Wages Permission to reprint the abstract has been denied by the publisher.
	Bibliography Citation Mitra, Aparna. "The Allocation of Blacks in Large Firms and Establishments and Black-White Wage Inequality in the U.S. Economy." Sociological Inquiry 69,3 (August 1999): 382-403.

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