Search Results

Author: Michaels, Robert J.
Resulting in 3 citations.
1. Gill, Andrew Matthew
Michaels, Robert J.
Does Drug Use Lower Wages?
Industrial and Labor Relations Review 45,3 (April 1992): 419-434.
Also: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2524269
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: New York State School of Industrial and Labor Relations, Cornell University
Keyword(s): Drug Use; Employment; Labor Force Participation; Wages

Microdata from the 1980 and 1984 waves of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLS-Y) were used to examine the effects of drug use on wages and employment. It was shown that, once an allowance is made for self-selection effects, drug users actually received higher wages than nondrug users. Data on marijuana and cocaine use from the 1984 NLS-Y were used to examine the hypothesis that drug use reduces labor market productivity, as measured by wages. It was found that, although long-term and on-the-job use of marijuana negatively affected wages, the net productivity effect for all marijuana users was positive. No statistically significant association was found between cocaine use and productivity. The results of the 2 studies indicate that drug use, apparently irrespective of frequency, does not degrade earnings. (ABI/Inform)
Bibliography Citation
Gill, Andrew Matthew and Robert J. Michaels. "Does Drug Use Lower Wages?" Industrial and Labor Relations Review 45,3 (April 1992): 419-434.
2. Gill, Andrew Matthew
Michaels, Robert J.
Employment and Earnings Effects of Drug Use: Discussion by the Authors
Industrial and Labor Relations Review 45,3 (April 1992): 449-451.
Also: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2524271
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: Cornell University Press
Keyword(s): Alcohol Use; Drug Use; Earnings; Employment; Endogeneity; Modeling, Fixed Effects; Substance Use; Wage Levels; Wage Models

In Does Drug Use Lower Wages?, Andrew M. Gill and Robert J. Michaels examine the effects of drug use on wages and employment, based on microdata from the 1980 and 1984 waves of the National Longitudinal Survey. In contrast to previous research, these findings indicate that, if an allowance is made for self-selection effects, drug users actually received higher wages than nonusers. Another surprising finding is that, while all drug users as a sample population had lower employment levels than nonusers, users of hard drugs did not. In Labor Market Effects of Marijuana and Cocaine Use among Men, Charles A. Register uses data from the 1984 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (N = 12,686 respondents) to examine the hypothesis that drug use reduces labor market productivity, as measured by wages. Controlling for the probability of employment and the endogeneity of drug use, it is found that, although long-term and on-the-job use of marijuana negatively affects wages, the net productivity effect for all marijuana users is positive. It is concluded that no statistically significant association exists between cocaine use and productivity. In Employment and Earnings Effects of Drug Use, Discussion by the Authors Gill and Michaels discuss questions left unanswered by Register and Williams, e.g., how drug use might reduce employment and the long-term labor market effects of drug use, and explore future research strategies to estimate fixed-effects specifications of the drug use-earnings relationship. Register and Williams comment on the consistency between their findings and those of Gill and Michaels, but also point out differences, including their divergent methodological styles, Gill's and Michaels's inclusion of women in their study, and different definitions of drug use. Policy implications are briefly discussed. (Copyright 1992, Sociological Abstracts, Inc., all rights reserved.)
Bibliography Citation
Gill, Andrew Matthew and Robert J. Michaels. "Employment and Earnings Effects of Drug Use: Discussion by the Authors." Industrial and Labor Relations Review 45,3 (April 1992): 449-451.
3. Gill, Andrew Matthew
Michaels, Robert J.
The Determinants of Illegal Drug Use
Contemporary Policy Issues 9,3 (July 1991): 93-105.
Also: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1465-7287.1991.tb00345.x/abstract
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: Western Economic Association International
Keyword(s): Drug Use; Earnings; Modeling, Probit; Time Use; Wages

Drug use is analyzed using a model in which an individual's time is allocated among labor, non-drug consumption, leisure, and drug use, where the individual is cognizant of the effect of drug use on wages. Comparative static results are analyzed, and data from the NLSY are used to estimate a probit model of the individual decision to use drugs. It is found that noneconomic factors dominate the decision for both harder drugs and for drugs more broadly defined. Wages and the associated difference in wages between users and nonusers do not influence the likelihood of drug use. Variables indicating underlying personality problems, such as those associated with problem drinking, and a predisposition to illegal acts exert strong influences. Because drug price data are not available, these findings cannot be taken as being conclusive. [ABI/INFORM]
Bibliography Citation
Gill, Andrew Matthew and Robert J. Michaels. "The Determinants of Illegal Drug Use." Contemporary Policy Issues 9,3 (July 1991): 93-105.