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Author: McNulty, Thomas L.
Resulting in 5 citations.
1. Bellair, Paul E.
McNulty, Thomas L.
Cognitive Skills, Adolescent Violence, and the Moderating Role of Neighborhood Disadvantage
Justice Quarterly 27,4 (August 2010): 538-559.
Also: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07418820903130823
Cohort(s): NLSY97
Publisher: Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences
Keyword(s): Adolescent Behavior; Behavior, Violent; Cognitive Ability; Neighborhood Effects; Social Environment

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Numerous studies uncover a link between cognitive skills and adolescent violence. Overlooked is whether the relationship changes at varying levels of neighborhood disadvantage. We examine the issue by contrasting two models that place individual difference in cognitive skill within a social-structural framework. Using five waves of the 1997 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth and a three-level hierarchical model, results indicate that cognitive skill is inversely associated with violence and that the relationship is strongest in non-disadvantaged neighborhoods. However, the cognitive skills-violence relationship is indistinguishable from zero in the most disadvantaged neighborhoods. The findings are therefore consistent with the hypothesis that social expression of developed ability is muted in disadvantaged contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Bibliography Citation
Bellair, Paul E. and Thomas L. McNulty. "Cognitive Skills, Adolescent Violence, and the Moderating Role of Neighborhood Disadvantage." Justice Quarterly 27,4 (August 2010): 538-559.
2. Bellair, Paul E.
McNulty, Thomas L.
Gang Membership, Drug Selling, and Violence in Neighborhood Context
Justice Quarterly 26,4 (December 2009): 644-669.
Also: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07418820802593394
Cohort(s): NLSY97
Publisher: Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences
Keyword(s): Behavior, Violent; Census of Population; Drug Use; Geocoded Data; Neighborhood Effects

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

A prominent perspective in the gang literature suggests that gang member involvement in drug selling does not necessarily increase violent behavior. In addition it is unclear from previous research whether neighborhood disadvantage strengthens that relationship. We address these issues by testing hypotheses regarding the confluence of neighborhood disadvantage, gang membership, drug selling, and violent behavior. A three-level hierarchical model is estimated from the first five waves of the 1997 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, matched with block-group characteristics from the 2000 U.S. Census. Results indicate that (1) gang members who sell drugs are significantly more violent than gang members that don't sell drugs and drug sellers that don't belong to gangs; (2) drug sellers that don't belong to gangs and gang members who don't sell drugs engage in comparable levels of violence; and (3) an increase in neighborhood disadvantaged intensifies the effect of gang membership on violence, especially among gang members that sell drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Bibliography Citation
Bellair, Paul E. and Thomas L. McNulty. "Gang Membership, Drug Selling, and Violence in Neighborhood Context." Justice Quarterly 26,4 (December 2009): 644-669.
3. Bellair, Paul E.
McNulty, Thomas L.
Neighborhood Disadvantage, Gang Membership, Drug Dealing and Violence
Presented: Washington, DC, Bureau of Labor Statistics Conference Center, NLSY97 Tenth Anniversary Conference, May 29-30, 2008.
Also: http://harrisschool.uchicago.edu/Research/conferences/NLSYConf/pdf/Bellair_Neighborhood_Disadvantage.pdf
Cohort(s): NLSY97
Publisher: U.S. Department of Labor
Keyword(s): Behavior, Violent; Census of Population; Crime; Delinquency/Gang Activity; Disadvantaged, Economically; Geocoded Data; Neighborhood Effects; Socioeconomic Background

A prominent perspective in the gang literature suggests that gang member involvement in drug selling does not necessarily increase violent behavior. In addition it is unclear from previous research whether neighborhood disadvantage strengthens that relationship. We address those issues by testing hypotheses regarding the confluence of gang membership, drug selling, and violent behavior in socio-economically disadvantaged neighborhoods. A three-level hierarchical model is estimated from the first five waves of the 1997 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, matched with block-group characteristics from the 2000 U.S. Census. Results indicate that (1) gang members who sell drugs are significantly more violent than gang members that don't sell drugs and drug sellers that don't belong to gangs; (2) drug sellers that don't belong to gangs and gang members who don't sell drugs engage in comparable levels of violence; and (3) neighborhood disadvantage intensifies the effect of gang membership on violence, especially among gang members that sell drugs.
Bibliography Citation
Bellair, Paul E. and Thomas L. McNulty. "Neighborhood Disadvantage, Gang Membership, Drug Dealing and Violence." Presented: Washington, DC, Bureau of Labor Statistics Conference Center, NLSY97 Tenth Anniversary Conference, May 29-30, 2008.
4. Carlson, Daniel L.
McNulty, Thomas L.
Bellair, Paul E.
Watts, Stephen J.
Neighborhoods and Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Adolescent Sexual Risk Behavior
Journal of Youth and Adolescence 43,9 (September 2014): 1536-1549.
Also: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10964-013-0052-0/fulltext.html
Cohort(s): NLSY97
Publisher: Springer
Keyword(s): Ethnic Differences; Geocoded Data; Neighborhood Effects; Poverty; Racial Differences; Risk-Taking; Sexual Activity; Sexual Behavior; Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs); Socioeconomic Status (SES)

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Understanding the determinants of racial/ethnic disparities in adolescent sexual risk behavior is important given its links to the differential risk of teen pregnancy, childbearing, and sexually transmitted infections. This article tests a contextual model that emphasizes the concentration of neighborhood disadvantage in shaping racial/ethnic disparities in sexual risk behavior. We focus on two risk behaviors that are prevalent among Black and Hispanic youth: the initiation of sexual activity in adolescence and the number of sex partners. Using data from the 1997 National Longitudinal Study of Youth (N = 6,985; 48% female; 57% non-Hispanic White) evidence indicates that neighborhood disadvantage—measured by concentrated poverty, unemployment rates, and the proportion of female-headed households—partially explains Black and Hispanic disparities from Whites in the odds of adolescent sexual debut, although the prevalence of female-headed households in neighborhoods appears to be the main driver in this domain. Likewise, accounting for neighborhood disadvantage reduces the Black-White and Hispanic-White disparity in the number of sexual partners, although less so relative to sexual debut. We discuss theoretical and practical implications of these findings.
Bibliography Citation
Carlson, Daniel L., Thomas L. McNulty, Paul E. Bellair and Stephen J. Watts. "Neighborhoods and Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Adolescent Sexual Risk Behavior." Journal of Youth and Adolescence 43,9 (September 2014): 1536-1549.
5. McNulty, Thomas L.
Bellair, Paul E.
Watts, Stephen J.
Neighborhood Disadvantage and Verbal Ability as Explanations of the Black–White Difference in Adolescent Violence: Toward an Integrated Model
Crime and Delinquency 59,1 (February 2013): 140-160.
Also: http://cad.sagepub.com/content/59/1/140.abstract
Cohort(s): NLSY97
Publisher: Sage Publications
Keyword(s): Adolescent Behavior; Cognitive Ability; Crime; Educational Attainment; Family Influences; Modeling, Multilevel; Neighborhood Effects; Racial Differences; Socioeconomic Background

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

This article develops a multilevel model that integrates individual difference and sociological explanations of the Black–White difference in adolescent violence. Our basic premise is that low verbal ability is a criminogenic risk factor that is in part an outcome of exposure to neighborhood and family disadvantages. Analysis of the 1997 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth reveals that verbal ability has direct and indirect effects (through school achievement) on violence, provides a partial explanation for the racial disparity, and mediates the effect of socioeconomic disadvantage at the neighborhood level. Results support the view that neighborhood and family disadvantages have repercussions for the acquisition of verbal ability, which, in turn, serves as a protective factor against violence. We conclude that explanation of the race difference is best conceived as originating from the segregation of Blacks in disadvantaged contexts.
Bibliography Citation
McNulty, Thomas L., Paul E. Bellair and Stephen J. Watts. "Neighborhood Disadvantage and Verbal Ability as Explanations of the Black–White Difference in Adolescent Violence: Toward an Integrated Model." Crime and Delinquency 59,1 (February 2013): 140-160.