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Author: Marcum, Catherine D.

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1.	Higgins, George E. Bush, Michael D. Marcum, Catherine D. Ricketts, Melissa L. Kirchner, EmmaLeigh E.
1.	Ensnared into Crime: A Preliminary Test of Moffitt's Snares Hypothesis in a National Sample of African Americans Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice 8,3 (July-September 2010): 181-200. Also: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15377938.2010.502827 Cohort(s): NLSY97 Publisher: Taylor & Francis Keyword(s): Alcohol Use; Black Studies; Black Youth; Crime; Delinquency/Gang Activity The purpose of the present study was to examine the relation between alcohol use and individual differences in the desistance process from criminal behavior during young adulthood. This study used Moffitt's (1993) ï¿½snaresï¿½ hypothesis to posit that alcohol use would slow the desistance process of criminal behavior among African Americans. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of the Youth 1997, we conducted dual semiparametric group-based trajectory analysis of criminal behavior and alcohol use among African Americans from ages 16 through 22 (N = 283) using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of the Youth 1997. Results indicate that 3 trajectory groups provided the best representation for the patterns of crime over this period of life. In addition, 4 trajectory groups provided the best representation for the patterns of alcohol use. From our dual-trajectory analysis, we found that African Americans that were desisting slower from crime were using alcohol more often, thus supporting Moffitt's snares hypothesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
	Bibliography Citation Higgins, George E., Michael D. Bush, Catherine D. Marcum, Melissa L. Ricketts and EmmaLeigh E. Kirchner. "Ensnared into Crime: A Preliminary Test of Moffitt's Snares Hypothesis in a National Sample of African Americans." Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice 8,3 (July-September 2010): 181-200.

2.	Higgins, George E. Jennings, Wesley G. Marcum, Catherine D. Ricketts, Melissa L. Mahoney, Margaret
2.	Developmental Trajectories of Nonsocial Reinforcement and Offending In Adolescence and Young Adulthood: An Exploratory Study of an Understudied Part of Social Learning Theory Journal of Criminal Justice 39,1 (January-February 2011): 60-66. Also: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047235210001947 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Young Adult Publisher: Elsevier Keyword(s): Adolescent Behavior; Behavior, Antisocial; Behavioral Differences; Crime; Delinquency/Gang Activity; Illegal Activities Purpose: Within social learning theory, nonsocial reinforcement has been hypothesized to have a link with offending. The purpose of the present study was to address two questions: (1) Does nonsocial reinforcement change or remain stable over time? And (2) does nonsocial reinforcement have a reciprocal link with offending, as Wood et al. (1997) would expect? Methods: We used a subsample (N=413) of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY) data and semi-parametric group-based modeling (SPGM). Results and Conclusions: The SPGM suggested three distinct groups of nonsocial reinforcement (one trajectory group appeared to have a low but stable rate of nonsocial reinforcement, one trajectory appeared to be higher but stable, another trajectory higher but also stable). A cross-tabulation of the nonsocial reinforcement trajectories and offending trajectories indicated that offending increased as nonsocial reinforcement became greater. Study limitations and implications are also discussed. Copyright (c) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. "The SPGM suggested three distinct groups of nonsocial reinforcement (one trajectory group appeared to have a low but stable rate of nonsocial reinforcement, one trajectory appeared to be higher but stable, another trajectory higher but also stable). A cross-tabulation of the nonsocial reinforcement trajectories and offending trajectories indicated that offending increased as nonsocial reinforcement became greater,"
	Bibliography Citation Higgins, George E., Wesley G. Jennings, Catherine D. Marcum, Melissa L. Ricketts and Margaret Mahoney. "Developmental Trajectories of Nonsocial Reinforcement and Offending In Adolescence and Young Adulthood: An Exploratory Study of an Understudied Part of Social Learning Theory." Journal of Criminal Justice 39,1 (January-February 2011): 60-66.

3.	Higgins, George E. Khey, David N. Dawson-Edwards, B. Cherie Marcum, Catherine D.
3.	Examining the Link Between Being a Victim of Bullying and Delinquency Trajectories Among an African American Sample International Criminal Justice Review 22,2 (June 2012): 110-122. Also: http://icj.sagepub.com/content/22/2/110.abstract Cohort(s): NLSY97 Publisher: Sage Publications Keyword(s): Black Youth; Bullying/Victimization; Delinquency/Gang Activity; Drug Use; Parental Influences Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. The purpose of the present study is to provide an analysis of the link between being a victim of bullying and delinquency trajectories. Using a sample of African Americans (n = 725), the results show that three distinct trajectory groups of delinquency are present in the data (low desisting, desisting, and high changing). Further, the results indicate that being a victim of bullying is relevant in distinguishing between these three delinquency groups net other controls (i.e., being male, marijuana use, gang membership, and poor parental support). These results are discussed in theoretical contexts.
	Bibliography Citation Higgins, George E., David N. Khey, B. Cherie Dawson-Edwards and Catherine D. Marcum. "Examining the Link Between Being a Victim of Bullying and Delinquency Trajectories Among an African American Sample." International Criminal Justice Review 22,2 (June 2012): 110-122.

4.	Higgins, George E. Kirchner, EmmaLeigh E. Ricketts, Melissa L. Marcum, Catherine D.
4.	Developing Self‐control: The Role of Parental Stress Criminal Justice Studies: A Critical Journal of Crime, Law and Society Volume 24,2 (2011): 183-198. Also: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1478601X.2011.561647 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 Publisher: Taylor & Francis Group Keyword(s): Parenting Skills/Styles; Parents, Behavior; Self-Control/Self-Regulation Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. This article presents a test of the key propositions from self‐control theory. We explore the mediating role of parenting practices (i.e., use of discipline and display of approval) for the link between parental stress via interparental conflict on self‐control development. The results of the study, which are based on self‐reports from a national probability sample of 1148 mothers and children, show partial support for this mediating view. The results are qualified by methodological and analytical limits. Despite the limits, the study represents an addition to the growing body of literature on self‐control theory.
	Bibliography Citation Higgins, George E., EmmaLeigh E. Kirchner, Melissa L. Ricketts and Catherine D. Marcum. "Developing Self‐control: The Role of Parental Stress." Criminal Justice Studies: A Critical Journal of Crime, Law and Society Volume 24,2 (2011): 183-198.

5.	Higgins, George E. Kirchner, EmmaLeigh E. Ricketts, Melissa L. Marcum, Catherine D.
5.	Impulsivity and Offending from Childhood to Young Adulthood in the United States: A Developmental Trajectory Analysis International Journal of Criminal Justice Sciences 8,2 (July-December 2013): 182-197. Also: http://www.ijcjs.com/pdfs/higginsetalijcjs2013vol8issue2.pdf Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 Young Adult Publisher: South Asian Society of Criminology and Victimology (SASCV) Keyword(s): Crime; Delinquency/Gang Activity; Personality/Big Five Factor Model or Traits; Self-Control/Self-Regulation Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. The purpose of the present study was to provide an examination of the development of impulsivity through childhood and its link to offending in adolescence and young adulthood in the United States. Moffitt’s (1993, 2003) dual taxonomy provides a framework for understanding this connection. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (1979), Child and Young Adult surveys (n=413), we show that three trajectory groups of impulsivity and offending best represent these data. The groups indicate relative stability in impulsivity in childhood and offending in adolescence and young adulthood. Further we show that high levels of impulsivity are connected with high and stable levels of offending.
	Bibliography Citation Higgins, George E., EmmaLeigh E. Kirchner, Melissa L. Ricketts and Catherine D. Marcum. "Impulsivity and Offending from Childhood to Young Adulthood in the United States: A Developmental Trajectory Analysis." International Journal of Criminal Justice Sciences 8,2 (July-December 2013): 182-197.

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