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Author: Lohrmann, David K.
Resulting in 2 citations.
1. Jayawardene, Wasantha P.
Torabi, Mohammad R.
Lohrmann, David K.
Exercise in Young Adulthood with Simultaneous and Future Changes in Fruit and Vegetable Intake
Journal of the American College of Nutrition 35,1 (January 2016): 59-67.
Also: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07315724.2015.1022268
Cohort(s): NLSY97
Publisher: Taylor & Francis Group
Keyword(s): Exercise; Nutritional Status/Nutrition/Consumption Behaviors

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Objectives: Regarding weight management, changes in exercise behavior can also influence nutrition behavior by application of self-regulatory psychological resources across behaviors (transfer effect). This study aimed to determine: (1) if changes in exercise frequency in young adulthood predict simultaneous changes in fruit/vegetable intake (transfer as co-occurrence); and (2) if exercise frequency affects future fruit/vegetable intake (transfer as carry-over).

Methods: 6244 respondents of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 were followed at ages 18–22 (Time-1), 23–27 (Time-2), and 27–31 (Time-3). Repeated measures analysis of variance and hierarchical multiple regression determined if the change in exercise frequency between Time-1 and Time-2 was associated with simultaneous and sequential changes in fruit/vegetable intake frequency, controlling for sex, race/ethnicity, education, income, body mass index, and baseline fruit/vegetable intake.

Results: Only 9% continued exercising for 30 minutes more than 5 days/week, while 15% transitioned to adequate exercise and another 15% transitioned to inadequate exercise; for both fruits and vegetables, intake of once per day or more increased with age. Males were more likely to exercise adequately and females to consume fruits/vegetables adequately. Exercise frequency transition was linearly associated with concurrent fruit/vegetable intake during Time-1 and Time-2. The highest increase in mean fruit/vegetable intake occurred for participants who transitioned from inadequate to adequate exercise. A significant Time-2 exercise frequency effect on Time-3 fruit/vegetable intake emerged, after accounting for baseline intake. Increase in Time-2 exercise by one day/week resulted in increased Time-3 fruit and vegetable intakes by 0.17 and 0.13 times/week, respectively.

Conclusion: Transfer effects, although usually discussed in interventions, may also be applicable to voluntary behavior change processes. Newly engaging in and continuing exercise behavior over time may establish exercise habits that facilitate improved fruit/vegetable consumption. Interventions that facilitate transferring resources across behaviors likely will enhance this effect.

Bibliography Citation
Jayawardene, Wasantha P., Mohammad R. Torabi and David K. Lohrmann. "Exercise in Young Adulthood with Simultaneous and Future Changes in Fruit and Vegetable Intake." Journal of the American College of Nutrition 35,1 (January 2016): 59-67.
2. Lohrmann, David K.
Jayawardene, Wasantha P.
Torabi, Mohammad R.
Factors Associated With Changes in Fruit Intake During Young Adulthood: A Classification and Regression Tree Analysis of Longitudinal Data
Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior 49,5 (May 2017): 427-434.e1.
Also: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1499404617300647
Cohort(s): NLSY97
Publisher: Elsevier
Keyword(s): Alcohol Use; Nutritional Status/Nutrition/Consumption Behaviors; Smoking (see Cigarette Use); Socioeconomic Factors; Television Viewing

Objective: To examine whether distinct participant groupings for changes in fruit intake (FI) levels between ages 23 and 31 years are identifiable based on both time-varying and time-invariant sociodemographic and behavioral variables.

Methods: Data were derived from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth-1997, US. Change in FI frequency constituted the dependent variable. For 21 variables, changes and averages in 2007-2011 were calculated. Classification and regression tree analysis was conducted using Generalized, Unbiased, Interaction Detection, and Estimation software.

Results: Analysis isolated 5 variables (changes in smoking, drinking alcohol, and television viewing, plus 5-year mean of income-to-poverty ratio and computer use) and associated cutoff values to identify 7 groups of participants with differing degrees of FI change.

Conclusions and Implications: Multiple groupings existed within upper social strata; a majority maintained healthy behaviors whereas some adopted substance use stress-coping mechanisms. Some low-income individuals demonstrated a capacity to adopt healthy behaviors. Dietary interventions could identify behavioral clustering, with emphasis on drinking, smoking, and screen time.

Bibliography Citation
Lohrmann, David K., Wasantha P. Jayawardene and Mohammad R. Torabi. "Factors Associated With Changes in Fruit Intake During Young Adulthood: A Classification and Regression Tree Analysis of Longitudinal Data." Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior 49,5 (May 2017): 427-434.e1.