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Author: Levitte, Yael

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1.	Glass, Jennifer L. Levitte, Yael Sassler, Sharon Michelmore, Katherine
1.	Retention of Women in the STEM Labor Force: Gender Similarities and Differences with a Focus on Destination Status Presented: San Francisco CA, Population Association of America Annual Meeting, May 2012 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Population Association of America Keyword(s): College Major/Field of Study/Courses; Educational Outcomes; Gender Differences; Labor Force Participation; Modeling, Hazard/Event History/Survival/Duration; Occupational Choice; Occupations, Female; Occupations, Non-Traditional; STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering & Mathematics) Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. While much recent scholarly attention has been focused on getting women into the STEM labor force, less attention has been paid to keeping them in STEM occupations across the life course. This research follows college graduates in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 panel who transitioned into the STEM labor force following college graduation. Using multinomial modeling of the hazard of leaving a STEM employer, we estimate the covariates of leaving to take a new STEM job, to move into a non-STEM job, and to exit the labor force for women and men. Survival curves show few gender differences overall in the rate at which women and men leave their first STEM job.. Multivariate hazard models show that preschool aged children disproportionately encourage job moves out of STEM for women, including moves out of the labor force, while having a partner employed in a STEM field facilitates retention.
	Bibliography Citation Glass, Jennifer L., Yael Levitte, Sharon Sassler and Katherine Michelmore. "Retention of Women in the STEM Labor Force: Gender Similarities and Differences with a Focus on Destination Status." Presented: San Francisco CA, Population Association of America Annual Meeting, May 2012.

2.	Glass, Jennifer L. Sassler, Sharon Levitte, Yael Michelmore, Katherine
2.	What's So Special about STEM? A Comparison of Women's Retention in STEM and Professional Occupations Social Forces 92,2 (2013): 723-756. Also: http://sf.oxfordjournals.org/content/92/2/723 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Oxford University Press Keyword(s): College Graduates; College Major/Field of Study/Courses; Exits; Occupations, Female; Occupations, Non-Traditional; STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering & Mathematics); Women Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. We follow female college graduates in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 and compare the trajectories of women in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM)-related occupations to other professional occupations. Results show that women in STEM occupations are significantly more likely to leave their occupational field than professional women, especially early in their career, while few women in either group leave jobs to exit the labor force. Family factors cannot account for the differential loss of STEM workers compared to other professional workers. Few differences in job characteristics emerge either, so these cannot account for the disproportionate loss of STEM workers. What does emerge is that investments and job rewards that generally stimulate field commitment, such as advanced training and high job satisfaction, fail to build commitment among women in STEM.
	Bibliography Citation Glass, Jennifer L., Sharon Sassler, Yael Levitte and Katherine Michelmore. "What's So Special about STEM? A Comparison of Women's Retention in STEM and Professional Occupations." Social Forces 92,2 (2013): 723-756.

3.	Sassler, Sharon Glass, Jennifer L. Levitte, Yael Michelmore, Katherine
3.	The Missing Women in STEM? Assessing Gender Differentials in the Factors Associated with Transition to First Jobs Social Science Research 63 (March 2017): 192-208. Also: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0049089X16306020 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Elsevier Keyword(s): College Major/Field of Study/Courses; Expectations/Intentions; Gender Attitudes/Roles; Gender Differences; Occupational Choice We utilize data from the 1979 National Longitudinal Surveys of Youth (NLSY79) to explore transitions into the labor force of young adults who received a baccalaureate degree. This was the first cohort for whom college completion was more likely among women than men (Buchman and DiPrete, 2006). Graduates also began their careers in the early 1980s, when women's job opportunities were expanding, and when considerable gains in female representation in STEM baccalaureates fields were made (Xie and Killewald, 2012). We begin by reviewing existing explanations of women's underrepresentation in STEM employment, then present our own empirical results. Our analysis extends prior research by incorporating indicators of young adult's values, expectations, and intentions. We use regression decomposition techniques to investigate what factors account for gender disparities in transitions into STEM employment. Our results highlight the need to better interrogate long-accepted views regarding the association between women's and men's family and work values and actual employment outcomes.
	Bibliography Citation Sassler, Sharon, Jennifer L. Glass, Yael Levitte and Katherine Michelmore. "The Missing Women in STEM? Assessing Gender Differentials in the Factors Associated with Transition to First Jobs." Social Science Research 63 (March 2017): 192-208.

4.	Sassler, Sharon Levitte, Yael Glass, Jennifer L. Michelmore, Katherine
4.	The Missing Women in Science, Math, Engineering, and Behavioral Science Jobs? Accounting for Gender Differences in Entrance into STEM Occupations Presented: Washington, DC, Population Association of America Annual Meetings, March 31-April 2, 2011. Also: http://paa2011.princeton.edu/download.aspx?submissionId=111615 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Population Association of America Keyword(s): Educational Outcomes; Gender Differences; Labor Force Participation; Occupational Segregation Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Despite the investment of considerable money to increase women's representation in undergraduate science and engineering education, gender imbalance in the science workplace remains. Women are now more likely than men to obtain a college degree, and in science, math, engineering and behavioral science (SMEB)-related fields of study, women's graduation rates since the 1970s have increased between two to ten times (Bell, 2010). Despite these educational gains, women's representation in the SMEB workforce remains low. As of 2003, women were only 27% of the SMEB workforce (National Science Board, 2008). In this paper, we examine the factors associated with entering into SMEB occupations and how this differs by gender. We assess whether differences in attitudes towards gender and family roles account for gender disparities in the likelihood of entering into SMEB occupations among young adults who received college degrees and majored in SMEB fields.
	Bibliography Citation Sassler, Sharon, Yael Levitte, Jennifer L. Glass and Katherine Michelmore. "The Missing Women in Science, Math, Engineering, and Behavioral Science Jobs? Accounting for Gender Differences in Entrance into STEM Occupations." Presented: Washington, DC, Population Association of America Annual Meetings, March 31-April 2, 2011.

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