Search Results

Author: Kroeger, Sarah
Resulting in 3 citations.
1. Kroeger, Sarah
The Role of Gender in Income Mobility: Evidence from the NLSY79
Working Paper, Department of Economics, Boston University, October 2010.
Also: http://people.bu.edu/skroeger/files/kroeger_mobility2010.pdf
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: Department of Economics, Boston University
Keyword(s): Earnings; Income; Intergenerational Patterns/Transmission; Mobility, Economic

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Previous studies of intergenerational income mobility in the United States have focused primarily on the transmission of earnings from fathers to sons. However, thanks to the increase in female labor force participation during the last several decades and the collection of longitudinal, multi-generational data, it is now possible to include both mothers and daughters in this analysis. I estimate the total magnitude of the inter-generational elasticity of income, and provide a decomposition of this elasticity into paternal and maternal effects. Although the magnitude of the paternal effect is the larger, the maternal effect is significant. Roughly one fourth of intergenerational income transmission can be attributed to maternal earnings, and omitting maternal income biases the estimate of the effect of paternal income by over 20 percent.

I used data from the National Longitudinal Study to estimate income elasticity with respect to parental earnings. In particular, my goal was to measure the difference in the degree of income mobility experienced by daughters versus sons, as well as the relevance of maternal earnings to income mobility.

Bibliography Citation
Kroeger, Sarah. "The Role of Gender in Income Mobility: Evidence from the NLSY79." Working Paper, Department of Economics, Boston University, October 2010.
2. Kroeger, Sarah
Why Has the College Gender Gap Expanded?
In: Gender in the Labor Market: Research in Labor Economics 42. S.W. Polacheck et al., eds. Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 2015: 159-203.
Also: http://emeraldinsight.com/doi/abs/10.1108/S0147-912120150000042005
Cohort(s): NLSY79, NLSY97
Publisher: Emerald
Keyword(s): College Enrollment; College Graduates; Gender Differences; Noncognitive Skills

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

This paper uses data from the 1979 and 1997 National Longitudinal Surveys of Youth to estimate the changing returns to cognitive and non-cognitive skills with respect to college completion, and quantifies the extent to which gender differences in these skills are driving the college gender gap. The use of two distinct college graduation cohorts allows a dynamic analysis of the widening female advantage in college graduation. I decompose the increase in the college gender gap into three pertinent categories of measurable attributes: family background, cognitive skills, and non-cognitive skills (captured by school suspensions, behavioral problems, and legal infractions). A second decomposition is applied to the change in the gap between the two periods. The results show that roughly half of the observed college graduation gender gap in the NLSY97 is due to female advantages in observable characteristics, and roughly half is "unexplained": due to gender differences in the coefficients. With respect to the change in the gap, approximately 29% of the difference in differences is the "explained" component, attributed to changes in the relative characteristics of men and women. In particular, declining non-cognitive skills in men are associated with about 14% of the increase in the gender gap.
Bibliography Citation
Kroeger, Sarah. "Why Has the College Gender Gap Expanded?" In: Gender in the Labor Market: Research in Labor Economics 42. S.W. Polacheck et al., eds. Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 2015: 159-203.
3. Kroeger, Sarah
Thompson, Owen
Educational Mobility across Three Generations of American Women
Economics of Education Review 53 (August 2016): 72-86.
Also: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0272775716302552
Cohort(s): NLSY79, NLSY79 Young Adult, NLSY97
Publisher: Elsevier
Keyword(s): Educational Attainment; Educational Outcomes; Grandchildren; Grandparents; Intergenerational Patterns/Transmission; Mobility

We analyze the intergenerational transmission of education in a three-generation sample of women from the 20th century US. We find strong three-generation educational persistence, with the association between the education of grandmothers and their granddaughters approximately two times stronger than would be expected under the type of first-order autoregressive transmission structure that has been assumed in much of the existing two-generation mobility literature. These findings are robust to using alternative empirical specifications and sample constructions, and are successfully replicated in a second independently drawn data set. Analyses that include males in the youngest and oldest generations produce very similar estimates. A variety of potential mechanisms linking the educational outcomes of grandparents and grandchildren are discussed and where possible tested empirically.
Bibliography Citation
Kroeger, Sarah and Owen Thompson. "Educational Mobility across Three Generations of American Women." Economics of Education Review 53 (August 2016): 72-86.