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Author: Kling, Jeffrey R.
Resulting in 2 citations.
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Kling, Jeffrey R. |
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Interpreting Instrumental Variables Estimates of the Returns to Schooling NBER Working Paper No. 7989, National Bureau of Economic Research, October 2000 Cohort(s): NLSY79, Young Men Publisher: National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) Keyword(s): Colleges; High School; Schooling; Variables, Instrumental This paper synthesizes economic insights from theoretical models of schooling choice based on individual benefits and econometric work interpreting instrumental variables estimates as weighted averages of individual-specific causal effects. Linkages are illustrated using college proximity to instrument for schooling. After characterizing groups differentially affected by the instrument according to family background, I directly compute weights underlying estimation of the averall return. In analyzing the level of schooling at which individuals change their behavior in response to the instrument, I demonstrate that this instrument has its greatest impact on the transition from high school to college. Specification robustness is also examined. |
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Bibliography Citation
Kling, Jeffrey R. "Interpreting Instrumental Variables Estimates of the Returns to Schooling." NBER Working Paper No. 7989, National Bureau of Economic Research, October 2000. |
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Kling, Jeffrey R. Liebman, Jeffrey B. |
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Experimental Analysis of Neighborhood Effects on Youth Working Paper No. RWP04-034, John Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, August 2004. Also: http://ksgnotes1.harvard.edu/research/wpaper.nsf/rwp/RWP04-034/$File/rwp_04_034b_Liebman.pdf Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: John F. Kennedy School of Government Keyword(s): Health/Health Status/SF-12 Scale; Neighborhood Effects; Poverty; Public Housing; Risk-Taking Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. We examine the effects of moving out of high-poverty neighborhoods on the outcomes of teenage youth, a population often seen as most at risk from the adverse effects of such neighborhoods. The randomized design of the Moving To Opportunity demonstration allows us to compare groups of youth, initially similar and living in high-poverty public housing. An "experimental" group was offered vouchers valid only in a low-poverty neighborhood; a "Section 8" group was offered traditional vouchers without geographic restriction; and a control group was not offered vouchers. We study outcomes in four domains: education, risky behavior, mental health, and physical health. Females in the experimental group experienced improvements in education and mental health and were less likely to engage in risky behaviors. Females in the traditional voucher group experienced improvements in mental health. Males in both treatment groups were more likely than controls to engage in risky behaviors and to experience physical health problems. We adopt a multiple-testing framework to account for the large number of estimates considered. We show that the overall effects on females in the experimental group and the effects on mental health for females in both treatment groups were least likely to be due to sampling variation. Families with female children and families with male children moved to similar neighborhoods, suggesting that their outcomes differ not because of exposure to different types of neighborhoods but because male and female youth respond to their environments in different ways. |
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Bibliography Citation
Kling, Jeffrey R. and Jeffrey B. Liebman. "Experimental Analysis of Neighborhood Effects on Youth." Working Paper No. RWP04-034, John Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, August 2004. |