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Author: Kim, Kyung-Nyun

Resulting in 5 citations.

1.	Kim, Kyung-Nyun
1.	Career Trajectory in High School Dropouts Social Science Journal 50,3 (September 2013): 306-312. Also: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0362331913000347 Cohort(s): NLSY97 Publisher: Elsevier Keyword(s): Career Patterns; High School Dropouts; Job Characteristics; Job Status This study considers the career trajectories of high school dropouts, which has been given little attention to in the literature. Considering worker heterogeneity for individuals who do not complete high school, we estimate possible career trajectories and investigate the traits related with the decision to drop out. Using latent class growth analysis, three kinds of career trajectories are identified: dead-end, stepping-stone, and advancing careers. Although the majority of dropouts are in the dead-end careers, about 30% are in the process of escaping low-status jobs through acquiring work experience. Individual traits, such as gender, race, and cognitive ability, as well as home computer access are significantly related to the different types of career trajectories.
	Bibliography Citation Kim, Kyung-Nyun. "Career Trajectory in High School Dropouts." Social Science Journal 50,3 (September 2013): 306-312.

2.	Kim, Kyung-Nyun
2.	Formation of Educational Expectations of Lower Socioeconomic Status Children Education and Urban Society 46,3 (May 2014): 352-376. Also: http://eus.sagepub.com/content/46/3/352.abstract Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79, NLSY79 Young Adult Publisher: Sage Publications Keyword(s): Armed Forces Qualifications Test (AFQT); Educational Aspirations/Expectations; GED/General Educational Diploma/General Equivalency Degree/General Educational Development; Intergenerational Patterns/Transmission; Mothers, Education; Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Math); Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Reading); Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) (see Self-Esteem); Self-Esteem Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediation effects of children’s cognitive and noncognitive traits on the relationship between dropout mothers’ traits and their children’s educational expectations and to examine the interaction effects of dropout mothers’ General Education Development (GED) on children’s traits and educational expectations. The data were drawn from a series of National Longitudinal Survey Data. This study demonstrated the effect of mothers’ self-esteem on children’s educational expectations, which were mediated through children’s cognitive ability and self-esteem after controlling for the mothers’ cognitive ability, self-esteem, and socioeconomic status. Furthermore, mothers’ GED attainment moderated the relationship between children’s self-esteem and educational expectations. These findings provide better understanding of the intergenerational connections between cognitive and noncognitive traits and educational expectations.
	Bibliography Citation Kim, Kyung-Nyun. "Formation of Educational Expectations of Lower Socioeconomic Status Children." Education and Urban Society 46,3 (May 2014): 352-376.

3.	Kim, Kyung-Nyun
3.	Occupational Constraints and Opportunities Faced by School Dropouts Education and Urban Society 47,4 (June 2015): 391-411. Also: http://eus.sagepub.com/content/47/4/391.abstract Cohort(s): NLSY97 Publisher: Sage Publications Keyword(s): Dropouts; GED/General Educational Diploma/General Equivalency Degree/General Educational Development; Modeling, Growth Curve/Latent Trajectory Analysis; Occupational Attainment; Occupational Status; Racial Differences; Vocational Training; Work Experience Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. This study investigated the relation between building human capital of former dropouts and their occupational standing and the interaction effects with individual characteristics. By applying the growth curve model, this study highlighted the factors that lead high school dropouts to enhance their occupational standing. An increment in the work experience limitedly improved the occupational standing of dropout workers. The acquisition of a vocational certificate pushed dropout workers further toward higher occupational standing but engendered more benefits to female workers than to male workers. The benefit of a vocational certificate accrued to Whites, thereby increasing the racial disparities with Hispanics. The association between work experience and occupational standing did not depend on the demographic characteristics, indicating the presence of social constraints. Parental education level did not affect dropout workers in their acquisition of a higher occupational standing. Work experience was also not a mechanism for dropout workers to obtain better occupation and therefore, other policy interventions should be considered. Dropout workers need to be redirected toward a hidden credential, such as a vocational certificate instead of the General Educational Development test.
	Bibliography Citation Kim, Kyung-Nyun. "Occupational Constraints and Opportunities Faced by School Dropouts." Education and Urban Society 47,4 (June 2015): 391-411.

4.	Kim, Kyung-Nyun Baker, Rose M.
4.	The Assumed Benefits and Hidden Costs of Adult Learners' College Enrollment Research in Higher Education 56,5 (August 2015): 510-533. Also: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11162-014-9351-x Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Springer Keyword(s): College Characteristics; College Enrollment; Occupational Status; Self-Esteem; Wage Penalty/Career Penalty; Wages Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. This study investigates the effects of adults' enrollment in and graduation from a two-year college on their hourly wages and occupational status in U.S. by employing a growth curve model and a piecewise model. College enrollment reduced hourly wages and occupational status by 13.8 % and 2.74 points, respectively. Less-educated workers whose wages were the main source of income were more likely to compromise their occupational status for a better work-study balance and thus to realize wage penalties during schooling. While a two-year college degree acquired in adulthood had significant positive effects on hourly wages and occupational status, the said positive economic returns from the degree were moderated by their self-esteem.
	Bibliography Citation Kim, Kyung-Nyun and Rose M. Baker. "The Assumed Benefits and Hidden Costs of Adult Learners' College Enrollment." Research in Higher Education 56,5 (August 2015): 510-533.

5.	Kim, Kyung-Nyun Passmore, David L.
5.	The Benefits of High School Experiences on Growth in Occupational Status in U.S. International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance 16,1 (March 2016): 113-136. Also: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10775-015-9290-x/fulltext.html Cohort(s): NLSY97 Publisher: Springer Keyword(s): High School; Modeling, Growth Curve/Latent Trajectory Analysis; Occupational Status; Occupations; Skills Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. In this study, we investigated high school graduates' school-to-work transition by considering their post-school occupational skill levels. Using an ordinal growth model analysis, occupational status increased in an arch-shaped curve as the number of years after high school graduation also increased. This growth trajectory was further related to the presence of training certificates, parental education levels, cognitive ability, and gender. The course of study did not significantly relate to occupational status. Participation in work-based education, including cooperative and mentor programs, related to the likelihood of students advancing to high-skill-level occupations. Further, we applied propensity score weighting to deal with plausible sample selection bias.
	Bibliography Citation Kim, Kyung-Nyun and David L. Passmore. "The Benefits of High School Experiences on Growth in Occupational Status in U.S." International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance 16,1 (March 2016): 113-136.

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