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Author: Karmas, Constantine

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1.	Karmas, Constantine
1.	Progress through College: Determinants of Successful Completion of Each Undergraduate Year Ph.D. Dissertation, The Ohio State University, 1974 Cohort(s): Young Men Publisher: UMI - University Microfilms, Bell and Howell Information and Learning Keyword(s): College Dropouts; College Education; College Graduates; Dropouts; Educational Attainment; Educational Returns; High School Curriculum; Schooling; Socioeconomic Status (SES) The stability of various proposed determinants of success in (or of dropping out of) college is investigated, with focuses on whether a set of factors determines success in college and whether there is a set of such determinants which is common to all four stages.
	Bibliography Citation Karmas, Constantine. Progress through College: Determinants of Successful Completion of Each Undergraduate Year. Ph.D. Dissertation, The Ohio State University, 1974.

2.	Kohen, Andrew I. Nestel, Gilbert Karmas, Constantine
2.	Factors Affecting Individual Persistence Rates in Undergraduate College Programs American Educational Research Journal 15,2 (Spring 1978): 233-252. Also: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1162462 Cohort(s): Young Men Publisher: American Educational Research Association Keyword(s): College Dropouts; College Enrollment; Employment; Marital Status; Scholarships; Socioeconomic Status (SES) Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. This study uses a sample drawn from the NLS of Young Men attending college in the l960s. Some of the principal conclusions of the multivariate analyses are: (1) factors determining persistence vary widely with the stage of the undergraduate career; (2) race and parental SES bear no net relation to dropping out; (3) the impact of ability declines with progress toward graduation; and (4) entering college in a two-year institution is inversely associated with persistence. These and other findings demonstrate that much previous research has perpetuated erroneous inferences about dropping out of college, not the least of which is that the process can be modeled in a single equation representing the likelihood of graduation by any given group of freshmen.
	Bibliography Citation Kohen, Andrew I., Gilbert Nestel and Constantine Karmas. "Factors Affecting Individual Persistence Rates in Undergraduate College Programs." American Educational Research Journal 15,2 (Spring 1978): 233-252.

3.	Kohen, Andrew I. Nestel, Gilbert Karmas, Constantine
3.	Success and Failure in College: A New Approach to Persistence in Undergraduate Programs Report, Columbus OH: Center for Human Resource Research, The Ohio State University, 1976 Cohort(s): Young Men Publisher: Center for Human Resource Research Keyword(s): College Dropouts; College Education; College Enrollment; Educational Costs; Employment, In-School; High School Curriculum; I.Q. This study examines the factors affecting the probabilities of completing college. It appears that factors of persistence in college vary with the year in school. Parental socioeconomic status, race and age are found to have no net relationship with dropping out. Pursuing a college prep program in high school is significant only in the freshmen year, and I.Q. is not significant after the sophomore year. However, receiving a scholarship has a significant positive relationship to the probability of completing college. Working evidently inhibits persistence in college, but not all employed students drop out, and there is no significant relationship between hours worked and dropping out. Finally, young men who initially enter a two-year college are much more likely to drop out at every stage for indeterminable reasons--even after transferring to a four-year institution.
	Bibliography Citation Kohen, Andrew I., Gilbert Nestel and Constantine Karmas. "Success and Failure in College: A New Approach to Persistence in Undergraduate Programs." Report, Columbus OH: Center for Human Resource Research, The Ohio State University, 1976.

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