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Author: Jusenius, Carol L.

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1.	Brito, Patricia K. Jusenius, Carol L.
1.	A Note on Young Women's Occupational Expectations for Age 35 Vocational Guidance Quarterly (1980) Cohort(s): Young Women Publisher: American Counseling Association Keyword(s): College Graduates; Occupational Aspirations; Occupations, Female; Occupations, Male; Vocational Guidance This analysis examines women's occupational preferences for age 35. Only a quarter of college educated women and less than 20 per cent of non-college women preferred typically male occupations. The results also show that the number and types of occupations, regardless of sex-typing, to which young women aspire are limited. Furthermore, occupational projections show that demand-supply relationship for workers in many of their preferred occupations, both male and female, are to be unfavorable. Thus, if women are to choose male-dominated occupations, public policy directed at reducing demand-side barriers is not enough. It will also be necessary to broaden young women's awareness of the range of jobs available and of the employment prospects in occupations they are considering.
	Bibliography Citation Brito, Patricia K. and Carol L. Jusenius. "A Note on Young Women's Occupational Expectations for Age 35." Vocational Guidance Quarterly (1980).

2.	Brito, Patricia K. Jusenius, Carol L.
2.	Career Aspirations of Young Women: Factors Underlying Choice of a Typically Male or Female Occupation Proceedings, Social Statistics Section, American Statistical Association (1978): 50-59 Cohort(s): Young Women Publisher: American Statistical Association Keyword(s): Career Patterns; College Education; Educational Attainment; Family Influences; Occupational Aspirations; Work History This paper examines the personal characteristics which influence a young woman's preference for typically male or typically female occupations. Preference formation is apparently different for women who have had or plan to have a college education and those without such expectations. The results indicate that family background is only slightly associated with occupational choice. Education, marital and childrearing experience, and labor market experience later in life have a more significant impact on whether typical or atypical occupations are chosen than childhood environment influences.
	Bibliography Citation Brito, Patricia K. and Carol L. Jusenius. "Career Aspirations of Young Women: Factors Underlying Choice of a Typically Male or Female Occupation." Proceedings, Social Statistics Section, American Statistical Association (1978): 50-59.

3.	Jusenius, Carol L.
3.	Influence of Work Experience, Skill Requirement, and Occupational Segregation on Women's Earnings Journal of Economics and Business 29,2 (Winter 1976-77): 107-115 Cohort(s): Mature Women Publisher: Temple University Press Keyword(s): Earnings; Job Tenure; Occupational Segregation; Occupations, Female; Work Experience Two possible causes for women's lower wages relative to those of men are examined: that women have less work experience and that they are employed mainly in stereotypically female occupations. The results indicate that both work experience and occupational segregation are critical determinants of women's wage position. Women earn significantly less in low-skill typically female occupations as compared to low-skill typically male occupations. However, women in high-skill typically female occupations do not earn less than their counterparts in typically male occupations.
	Bibliography Citation Jusenius, Carol L. "Influence of Work Experience, Skill Requirement, and Occupational Segregation on Women's Earnings." Journal of Economics and Business 29,2 (Winter 1976-77): 107-115.

4.	Jusenius, Carol L.
4.	Occupational Change: The Movement of Women Between Stereotypically Male and Female Jobs Report, Columbus OH: Center for Human Resource Research, The Ohio State University, 1975 Cohort(s): Mature Women Publisher: Center for Human Resource Research Keyword(s): Occupational Segregation; Occupations, Female; Racial Differences The article reports on changes in the distribution of women in traditionally male and and traditionally female jobs between 1967 and 1971. The data on movements between typical and atypical occupations indicate that although white women are moving into stereotypically male jobs, black women are not. Black women who move from atypical to typical jobs appear to earn only 80 percent of the rate of white women. Atypical jobs appear to be less satisfying than typical, but more lucrative, for women of all races.
	Bibliography Citation Jusenius, Carol L. "Occupational Change: The Movement of Women Between Stereotypically Male and Female Jobs." Report, Columbus OH: Center for Human Resource Research, The Ohio State University, 1975.

5.	Jusenius, Carol L. Sandell, Steven H.
5.	Barriers to Entry and Re-Entry into the Labor Force Presented: Washington, DC, Workshop on Research Needed to Improve the Employment and Employability of Women, U.S. Department of Labor, 1974. Also: http://www.eric.ed.gov/PDFS/ED105320.pdf Cohort(s): Mature Women, Young Women Publisher: U.S. Department of Labor Keyword(s): Educational Attainment; Employment; Household Income; Marital Status; Wages; Wives This paper focuses on barriers that women face when they consider entrance or re-entrance into the labor force. Part I discusses, in general terms, the problem and the existing literature on the subject points out those topics which require additional research. Part II focuses on some of the methodological and empirical problems inherent in such analysis as they bear on future research needs.
	Bibliography Citation Jusenius, Carol L. and Steven H. Sandell. "Barriers to Entry and Re-Entry into the Labor Force." Presented: Washington, DC, Workshop on Research Needed to Improve the Employment and Employability of Women, U.S. Department of Labor, 1974.

6.	Parnes, Herbert S. Jusenius, Carol L. Blau, Francine D. Nestel, Gilbert
6.	Dual Careers, Volume 4: A Longitudinal Analysis of the Labor Market Experience of Women Manpower Research Monograph 21, Volume 4. Washington DC: US GPO, 1976 Cohort(s): Mature Women Publisher: U.S. Department of Labor Keyword(s): Career Patterns; Child Care; Children; Job Satisfaction; Mobility; Occupational Status; Work Attitudes; Work Experience Irrespective of marital status, the degree of success that women enjoy in the labor market is substantially related to the extent of their previous investments in human capital. To take the most obvious example, the number of years of schooling a woman has completed bears a substantial positive relationship with her earnings in 1972, with the socioeconomic status of her first job after leaving school, with the extent of her upward occupational mobility between her first and 1967 jobs and over the five-year period between 1967 and 1972, and with the likelihood of her having pursued a career. Like education, training also contributes to labor market success. Women who have participated in training programs outside regular school are more likely than comparable women without such training to have pursued careers, to have experienced upward occupational mobility, and to enjoy high current earnings.
	Bibliography Citation Parnes, Herbert S., Carol L. Jusenius, Francine D. Blau and Gilbert Nestel. Dual Careers, Volume 4: A Longitudinal Analysis of the Labor Market Experience of Women. Manpower Research Monograph 21, Volume 4. Washington DC: US GPO, 1976.

7.	Parnes, Herbert S. Jusenius, Carol L. Shortlidge, Richard L. Jr.
7.	Dual Careers, Volume 3: A Longitudinal Study of the Labor Market Experience of Women Manpower Research Monograph 21, Volume 3. Washington DC: US GPO, 1975 Cohort(s): Mature Women Publisher: U.S. Department of Labor Keyword(s): Child Care; Children; Socioeconomic Status (SES); Wages This report focuses on two problems which women in the labor force are likely to encounter. The first is the changing occupational distribution of women. Over the past decade concern has arisen regarding both the distribution of women among occupations and the low wages generally associated with those jobs in which most women are employed. Here we examine, for the time span 1967 to 1972, the extent to which women left (or entered) occupations which society views as "acceptable" for them. Also discussed is the relationship between type of occupation and selected socioeconomic variables; the impact of occupational change on wage rates is of particular importance. The second problem is the changing demand for child care facilities. This deals with arrangements made by women in the labor force during 1971 who had at least one child under 18 years of age. The analysis relates both demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of these women to the various forms of child care which they used. Also examined is the need for public and private forms of child care among women with different family, economic, and labor force characteristics. Changes which occurred between 1965 and 1971 in the utilization of different types of child care arrangements are discussed.
	Bibliography Citation Parnes, Herbert S., Carol L. Jusenius and Richard L. Jr. Shortlidge. Dual Careers, Volume 3: A Longitudinal Study of the Labor Market Experience of Women. Manpower Research Monograph 21, Volume 3. Washington DC: US GPO, 1975.

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