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Author: Johnson, Kecia Renee
Resulting in 2 citations.
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Johnson, Kecia Renee |
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Prison, Race and Space: The Impact of Incarceration on Career Trajectories and Labor Market Outcomes Ph.D. Dissertation, North Carolina State University, 2003. DAI-A 64/02, p. 666, Aug 2003 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: UMI - University Microfilms, Bell and Howell Information and Learning Keyword(s): Behavior, Violent; Crime; Ethnic Differences; Human Capital; Incarceration/Jail; Labor Force Participation; Life Course; Mobility, Labor Market; Mobility, Occupational; Modeling, Fixed Effects; Racial Differences; Unemployment Rate There are a number of reasons to expect that incarceration will have long-term, negative consequences for economic/labor market success, and that the consequences may be especially acute for minority ex-offenders. This study replicates and extends Bruce Western's research on the impact of incarceration for wage mobility. I integrate Western's life course approach to examining the impact of incarceration with a discussion of stratification processes that produce inequality in employment and earnings outcomes. I hypothesize that incarceration results in career earnings penalties over and above those associated with foregone human capital accumulation. I suspect that incarceration contributes to a decline in earnings for minority ex-offenders. At the individual level, I replicate Western's research by estimating fixed-effects models to examine wages across the career trajectories of white, Latino and African American men from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth for 1979-1998. When estimating these models, I test whether human capital accumulation that occurs inside or outside the labor market mediates the incarceration-earnings relationship. Furthermore, I examine how local labor market characteristics influence ex-offender career trajectories. I propose that prison records, race/ethnicity and spatial characteristics such as, violent crime rates, unemployment rates, minority concentration, and residential segregation influence the job prospects of workers within metropolitan areas. At the spatial level, I estimate random effects models to examine how local labor market characteristics shape the earnings trajectories of white, Latino and African American male ex-offenders. The individual level results supported the hypotheses that incarceration has a negative effect on earnings and that ex-offenders have lower earnings trajectories than nonoffenders. This study did not replicate Western's finding that the earnings penalty experienced by those who had been incarcerated varies by race/ethnicity. The spatial analysis results suggest that the prison effect on wages is not influenced by the spatial characteristics associated with the local labor market. However, the results indicate that the spatial characteristics of the labor market influence race/ethnicity wage disparities across the career. |
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Bibliography Citation
Johnson, Kecia Renee. Prison, Race and Space: The Impact of Incarceration on Career Trajectories and Labor Market Outcomes. Ph.D. Dissertation, North Carolina State University, 2003. DAI-A 64/02, p. 666, Aug 2003. |
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Tomaskovic-Devey, Donald Thomas, Melvin Johnson, Kecia Renee |
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Race and the Accumulation of Human Capital across the Career: A Theoretical Model and Fixed-Effects Application American Journal of Sociology 111,1 (July 2005): 58-89. Also: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/431779 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: University of Chicago Press Keyword(s): Hispanics; Human Capital; Racial Differences The authors develop an explicitly sociological variant on human capital theory, emphasizing that most human capital acquisition is a social product, not an individual investment decision. The authors apply this model to racial earnings inequality, focusing on how exposure to discrimination influences both human capital acquisition and earnings inequalities as they develop across the career. The authors estimate models of career earnings trajectories, which show flatter trajectories for black and Hispanic men relative to white men, partial mediation by human capital acquired inside the labor market, and much larger race/ethnic career inequalities among the highly educated. |
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Bibliography Citation
Tomaskovic-Devey, Donald, Melvin Thomas and Kecia Renee Johnson. "Race and the Accumulation of Human Capital across the Career: A Theoretical Model and Fixed-Effects Application." American Journal of Sociology 111,1 (July 2005): 58-89.
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