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Author: Hawkins, Alan J.
Resulting in 3 citations.
1. Crockett, Lisa J.
Eggebeen, David J.
Hawkins, Alan J.
Fathers Presence and Young Children's Behavioral and Cognitive Adjustment
Journal of Family Issues 14,3 (September 1993): 355-377.
Also: http://jfi.sagepub.com/content/14/3/355.abstract
Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79
Publisher: Sage Publications
Keyword(s): Armed Forces Qualifications Test (AFQT); Behavior Problems Index (BPI); Coresidence; Family Structure; Fathers; Fathers, Absence; Fathers, Biological; Hispanics; Maternal Employment; Parents, Single; Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT); Poverty

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

The present study examined the impact of the biological father on young children's cognitive and behavioral adjustment. Using data from the 1986 Child Supplement of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, the relationship between father's coresidence in the household over the first 3 years of a child's life and children's adjustment was assessed for 1,688 four- to six-year-old children. Two dimensions of father-presence were considered, reflecting the timing of the father's entry into the household and the duration of his presence during the child's first 3 years of life. Within-group analyses of variance indicated significant effects of father-presence for White and Hispanic children and for children born to teenage and older mothers. All of these initial effects disappeared, however, once controls for child characteristics, maternal characteristics, and family resources were introduced in multiple regression models. These findings suggest that the father-effects operated through family characteristics and did not represent unique effects of fathering.
Bibliography Citation
Crockett, Lisa J., David J. Eggebeen and Alan J. Hawkins. "Fathers Presence and Young Children's Behavioral and Cognitive Adjustment." Journal of Family Issues 14,3 (September 1993): 355-377.
2. Eggebeen, David J.
Crockett, Lisa J.
Hawkins, Alan J.
Patterns of Adult Male Coresidence Among Young Children of Adolescent Mothers
Family Planning Perspectives 22,5 (September-October 1990): 219-223.
Also: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2135496
Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79
Publisher: Alan Guttmacher Institute
Keyword(s): Adolescent Fertility; Age at Birth; Childhood Residence; Children; Children, Well-Being; Family Structure; Fathers; Fathers, Absence; General Assessment; Household Composition; Household Structure; Mothers, Adolescent; Mothers, Race; Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT); Racial Differences

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

This paper examines the extent to which a sample of young children resided during their first three years of life in a household in which an adult male was present. Data from the NLSY on children ages 3 to 6 in 1986 who were born to adolescent mothers were utilized. Four measures of exposure to the adult male were developed: (1) duration of coresidence (the number of interview years in which a male was present in the child's household); (2) timing of coresidence (when in relationship to the child's birth the male entered the household); (3) stability of the living arrangement (the number of times a primary male moved into or out of the child's household); and (4) the relationship of the adult male to the child. Differences by race and mother's age at birth were analyzed. It was found that: (1) well over three-quarters of the white children (81%) but less than half (45%) of the black children lived with an adult male during the full time period studied; (2) children of older mothers, those who were ages 20 or older at the child's birth, were more likely to be born into a household where an adult male was present; (3) 79% of children born to older white mothers experienced a stable living arrangement, i.e., no movement of the male in or out of the household, in their first three years compared to 45% of children born to the youngest white mothers; and (4) almost 60% of the black children studied experienced at least one transition in their first three years of life and almost a third (32%) experienced two or more. Plans for future research on the impact of these patterns on the child's well-being are discussed.
Bibliography Citation
Eggebeen, David J., Lisa J. Crockett and Alan J. Hawkins. "Patterns of Adult Male Coresidence Among Young Children of Adolescent Mothers." Family Planning Perspectives 22,5 (September-October 1990): 219-223.
3. Hawkins, Alan J.
Eggebeen, David J.
Are Fathers Fungible? Patterns of Co-Resident Adult Men in Maritally Disrupted Families and Children's Well-Being
Journal of Marriage and Family 53,4 (November 1991): 958-972.
Also: http://www.jstor.org/stable/353000
Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79
Publisher: National Council on Family Relations
Keyword(s): Behavior Problems Index (BPI); Childhood Residence; Children; Children, Academic Development; Children, Behavioral Development; Children, Well-Being; Family Structure; Fathers; Fathers, Absence; Fathers, Biological; Fathers, Influence; General Assessment; Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT); Racial Differences; Temperament; Verbal Memory (McCarthy Scale)

This study addresses the relationship of biological and social fathers to young children's well-being. The authors outline three general positions in this debate: biological fathers are important to their young children's well-being and are hard to replace; fathers are important, but social fathers can effectively replace biological fathers; and fathers are peripheral to young children's lives and do not significantly impact children's well-being. To address this question, children who had differing experiences with co-resident adult men are compared using a sample of 865 four-to-six-year-old children from the Children of the NLSY. Children in five longitudinal patterns of experiences with co-resident adult men in maritally disrupted families were identified (No Male, Grandfather, Stepfather, Reunited Father, and Chaotic) and compared to children in intact families. Thirty-one percent of the disrupted children were in the No Male pattern, but more than two-thirds were in one of the other disrupted patterns. Hierarchical regression models found no differences in verbal-intellectual functioning between children in intact families and children in any of the disrupted patterns. For the measure of psychosocial dysfunctioning, only children in the Grandfather pattern were significantly different from children in the Intact pattern. Further analyses revealed that it was white children in this three-generation living arrangement who experienced problems. This study lends some support to the position that fathers, both biological and social, are peripheral to young children's intellectual and psychosocial functioning.
Bibliography Citation
Hawkins, Alan J. and David J. Eggebeen. "Are Fathers Fungible? Patterns of Co-Resident Adult Men in Maritally Disrupted Families and Children's Well-Being." Journal of Marriage and Family 53,4 (November 1991): 958-972.