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Author: Chang, Jen Jen
Resulting in 4 citations.
1. Chang, Jen Jen
Effects of Maternal Depressive Symptomatology on the Continuity and Discontinuity of Problem Behaviors and Substance Use in Offspring: A Life Course Perspective
Ph.D. Dissertation, School of Public Health, Department of Maternal and Child Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, March 2006. DAI-B 66/09, p. 4752, Mar 2006
Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79
Publisher: ProQuest Dissertations & Theses (PQDT)
Keyword(s): Behavior Problems Index (BPI); CESD (Depression Scale); Child Health; Children, Behavioral Development; Depression (see also CESD); Ethnic Differences; Fathers, Involvement; Growth Curves; Hispanics; Pre-natal Care/Exposure; Racial Differences; Substance Use; Variables, Independent - Covariate

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Maternal depression has been well documented to adversely impact maternal-child relationships, parenting practices, family functioning, and children's development and well-being. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, this dissertation first examined the effects of maternal depressive symptoms (MDS) on the trajectories of child problem behaviors (CPB) through growth curve model analysis. Further, this dissertation investigated the association between MDS and offspring substance use from childhood to adulthood by applying Generalized Estimating Equations analysis. Finally, the dissertation used data from the Florida Healthy Start Prenatal Screening program to study the lifetime mental health services use (MHS) by race/ethnicity among pregnant women with depression. Findings of this dissertation indicate that children of mothers with depressive symptoms had higher levels of CPB over time. The adverse effect of early exposure to MDS on CPB may be greater for younger children than older children. The effects of MDS on CPB varied by different levels of father's involvement. Higher levels of father's involvement were associated with less CPB. Similarly, early exposure to MDS was associated with increased risk of cigarette and marijuana use but not with alcohol use from childhood to young adulthood, after controlling for confounders. In the investigation of MHS, Whites were more likely to use MHS than Blacks and Hispanics. Racial/ethnic differences were found in the factors that impede or enable MHS use. Residential instability, drug/alcohol use during pregnancy, an existing illness, and violence victimization were significant predictors of increased use of MHS use among all ethnic subgroups after controlling for covariates. Higher education attainment increased MHS use among Whites and Hispanics only. Health insurance coverage and smoking during pregnancy significantly predicted increased use of MHS among Blacks and Hispanics only. Having more children is inversely associated with MHS use among Whites. Findings from this dissertation further our understanding of the long term effects of MDS on child problem behaviors and factors related to racial differences in MHS women with depression. Maternal depression is an important public health problem. Policies and programs that promote depression screening among women are needed to ensure positive developmental outcomes in children.
Bibliography Citation
Chang, Jen Jen. Effects of Maternal Depressive Symptomatology on the Continuity and Discontinuity of Problem Behaviors and Substance Use in Offspring: A Life Course Perspective. Ph.D. Dissertation, School of Public Health, Department of Maternal and Child Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, March 2006. DAI-B 66/09, p. 4752, Mar 2006.
2. Chang, Jen Jen
Maternal Depressive Symptoms and the Trajectories of Child Problem Behaviors in a National U.S. Sample
Presented: Miami, FL: Maternal and Child Health Epidemiology (MCHB/EPI) 11th Annual Conference. December 7-9, 2005
Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79
Publisher: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Keyword(s): Behavior Problems Index (BPI); CESD (Depression Scale); Child Health; Children, Behavioral Development; Depression (see also CESD); Ethnic Differences; Fathers, Involvement; Growth Curves; Pre-natal Care/Exposure; Racial Differences; Substance Use

This study was conducted to explore the effects of early exposure to maternal depressive symptoms on a trajectory of child internalizing and externalizing behaviors over time. In the past, it is evident that not all children of depressed mother fair worse than other children. Actually, many of children of depressed mother exhibit competent adaptation to other circumstances, so it is also important for us to explore what makes these children resilient to the adverse environment, and fathers' role in family study has been neglected. And this study examined father's positive involvement and a fact modified in this association of interests.
Bibliography Citation
Chang, Jen Jen. "Maternal Depressive Symptoms and the Trajectories of Child Problem Behaviors in a National U.S. Sample." Presented: Miami, FL: Maternal and Child Health Epidemiology (MCHB/EPI) 11th Annual Conference. December 7-9, 2005.
3. Chang, Jen Jen
Psychological Stress and Maternal Mental Health -- Transcript
Presented: Miami, FL: Maternal and Child Health Epidemiology 11th Annual Conference (MCH EPI): "Making Methods and Practice Matter for­ Women, Children and Families". December, 2005.
Also: http://webcast.hrsa.gov/conferences/mchb/cdc/mchepi2005/transcripts/session_5c.htm
Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79
Publisher: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Keyword(s): Behavior Problems Index (BPI); CESD (Depression Scale); Depression (see also CESD); Family Studies

This presentation was a Webcast at the 11th Annual MCHB/EPI Miami Conference, the full text of which can be found at: http://webcast.hrsa.gov/conferences/mchb/cdc/mchepi2005/transcripts/session_5c.htm

This study was conducted to explore the effects of early exposure to maternal depressive symptoms on a trajectory of child internalizing and externalizing behaviors over time. In the past, it is evident that not all children of depressed mother fair worse than other children. Actually, many of children of depressed mother exhibit competent adaptation to other circumstances, so it is also important for us to explore what makes these children resilient to the adverse environment, and fathers' role in family study has been neglected. And this study examined father's positive involvement and a fact modified in this association of interests.

The data results for this study come from the mother/child data center national longitudinal survey of youth, which I refer to as NLSY79. The study period I chose is between 1992 to 2002, given that the maternal depressive symptom was first measured in this longitudinal study starting in 1992. At baseline, child age ran from zero to ten years old, and mothers' ages range from 27 to 34 in 1992. NLSY 79 was conducted every two years. Mother and children were both followed up every two years. And most of the survey were in-person survey, computer assisted. The study inclusion criteria include complete data on exposure, which is maternal depressive symptom in this case, and children have to have lived with the mother in 1992. And since this is a longitudinal study, the child outcome data has to have at least more than one wave of data between 1992 and 2002.

Bibliography Citation
Chang, Jen Jen. "Psychological Stress and Maternal Mental Health -- Transcript." Presented: Miami, FL: Maternal and Child Health Epidemiology 11th Annual Conference (MCH EPI): "Making Methods and Practice Matter for­ Women, Children and Families". December, 2005.
4. Chang, Jen Jen
Halpern, Carolyn T.
Kaufman, Jay S.
Maternal Depressive Symptoms, Father's Involvement, and the Trajectories of Child Problem Behaviors in a US National Sample
Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine 161,7 (July 2007): 697-703.
Also: http://archpedi.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/abstract/161/7/697?ck=nck
Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79
Publisher: American Medical Association
Keyword(s): Behavior Problems Index (BPI); CESD (Depression Scale); Child Health; Children, Behavioral Development; Depression (see also CESD); Ethnic Differences; Fathers, Involvement; Growth Curves; Pre-natal Care/Exposure; Racial Differences; Substance Use; Variables, Independent - Covariate

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Objective To examine the effect of maternal depressive symptoms on child problem behavior trajectories and how the father's positive involvement may modify this association.

Design Secondary data analysis using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth.

Setting A nationally representative household sample of men and women from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth.

Participants The study sample includes 6552 mother-child dyads interviewed biennially between January 1, 1992, and December 31, 2002; children were 0 to 10 years old at baseline.

Main Outcome Measures Maternal self-reports of child internalizing and externalizing behaviors were assessed repeatedly using a modified Child Behavior Checklist.

Results Linear growth curve models indicate that the adverse effects of maternal depressive symptoms on child problem behavior trajectories become negligible after controlling for the father's involvement and other covariates, including the child's age, sex, and race/ethnicity; the mother's educational level; maternal age at child birth; number of children; poverty status; urban residence; and father's residential status. Positive involvement by the father was inversely associated with child problem behavior trajectories. The effects of maternal depressive symptoms on child problem behaviors varied by the level of the father's positive involvement.

Conclusion When the father actively compensates for limitations in the depressed mother's functioning, the child's risk of problem behaviors may be reduced.

Bibliography Citation
Chang, Jen Jen, Carolyn T. Halpern and Jay S. Kaufman. "Maternal Depressive Symptoms, Father's Involvement, and the Trajectories of Child Problem Behaviors in a US National Sample." Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine 161,7 (July 2007): 697-703.