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Author: Bailey, Amy Kate
Resulting in 5 citations.
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Bailey, Amy Kate |
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Comparing Veteran Status and Social Mobility across Four Cohorts of American Men Presented: San Francisco CA, American Sociological Association Annual Meeting, August 2009 Cohort(s): NLSY79, NLSY97, Older Men, Young Men Publisher: American Sociological Association Keyword(s): Intergenerational Patterns/Transmission; Military Service; Mobility, Social; Occupational Attainment; Racial Differences; Veterans Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Popular wisdom holds that the military serves as an engine of social mobility for young American men. However, the relationship between veteran status and occupational attainment appears to vary by race and cohort. This variance results from a variety of factors, particularly policy changes that alter the likelihood of serving in the armed forces, the demographic profile and social origins of those on active duty, and the benefits available to veterans. Additionally, veteran status matters differently by race, and for men with different background characteristics. This paper uses four cohorts of men from the National Longitudinal Surveys--the NLS Older Men, NLS Younger Men, National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979, and National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997--to trace the relationship between veteran status and intergenerational social mobility. I ask whether this relationship has changed over time, as well as how being a veteran differentially affects the life chances of blacks and whites, and men with different levels of educational attainment. |
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Bibliography Citation
Bailey, Amy Kate. "Comparing Veteran Status and Social Mobility across Four Cohorts of American Men." Presented: San Francisco CA, American Sociological Association Annual Meeting, August 2009. |
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Bailey, Amy Kate |
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Effect of Veteran Status on Spatial and Socioeconomic Mobility: Outcomes for Black and White Men in the Late 20th Century Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Washington, 2008. DAI-A 69/09, Mar 2009 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: ProQuest Dissertations & Theses (PQDT) Keyword(s): All-Volunteer Force (AVF); Intergenerational Patterns/Transmission; Life Course; Military Draft; Mobility, Occupational; Mobility, Social; Racial Differences; Veterans; Vietnam War Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Today's military and a growing segment of the veteran population are drawn from groups likely to be disadvantaged in the civilian labor market--blacks and working class whites. While the relationship between veteran status and occupational outcomes have been intensively explored for the World War II, Korean and Vietnam-era cohorts, relatively little scholarly attention has focused the military as an institutional engine of social mobility since the 1973 transition from the Selective Service draft to the All Volunteer Force (AVF). In light of the demographic composition of those who join the military today, the impact of veteran status on life course outcomes may have broad impacts on inequality. The possibility that veteran status may be linked to spatial mobility is also under-explored. This project uses seven decades of census data and 21 years of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth--1979 to identify the relationship between veteran status, spatial mobility, and social mobility in the late 20 th century. I focus on three questions: (1) do veterans and nonveterans vary in their migration behavior?; (2) do AVF veterans enjoy greater intergenerational occupational mobility or earn higher incomes than similar men who did not join the military?: and (3) do AVF veterans and nonveterans differ in their ability to use spatial mobility to access communities with greater economic opportunity or specific social characteristics? I find that veterans exhibit higher rates of migration across the life course, and that this effect persists regardless of changes in military staffing policy and human capital differences between veterans and nonveterans. AVF veterans do not generally earn more money than do similar men without military experience, and rates of intergenerational occupational mobility for veterans and nonveterans are quite similar. Finally, black and white male veterans appear to be unable to leverage their elevated rates of spatial mobility to facilitate enhanced levels of locational attainment. While veterans are not disadvantaged in their ability to migrate into communities with more positive economic and social attributes, any returns to increased migration for veterans likely result from greater mobility and not from a disproportionate benefit from that movement. |
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Bibliography Citation
Bailey, Amy Kate. Effect of Veteran Status on Spatial and Socioeconomic Mobility: Outcomes for Black and White Men in the Late 20th Century. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Washington, 2008. DAI-A 69/09, Mar 2009. |
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Bailey, Amy Kate |
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Is There a Relationship between Veteran Status, Spatial Mobility, and Social Mobility in the All Volunteer Force Era? Presented: New York NY, American Sociological Association Annual Meeting, August 2007 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: American Sociological Association Keyword(s): Income; Military Service; Mobility; Mobility, Social; Veterans Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. This paper uses the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 from 1979 through 2002 to explore whether spatial mobility is a mechanism through which veteran status influences social mobility. Controlling for a variety of factors at the individual, familial, and contextual levels, I ask whether veteran status and migration have primary and/or interactive effects on the likelihood of social mobility. The preliminary results presented here, using NLSY79 years 1996 through 2002, use a number of these factors to predict income with separate regressions estimated for black and white men. Results indicate that neither black nor white veterans' incomes differ, on average, from those of non-veterans, and that non-veteran migrants along enjoy income benefits to their migration, although these effects are only marginally significant. Factors other than veteran status and migration that influence income appear to vary by race. The final paper will use a more sophisticated methodological approach (either Event History Analysis or Hierarchical Modeling techniques) as well as all available years of data to more fully explore these relationships. |
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Bibliography Citation
Bailey, Amy Kate. "Is There a Relationship between Veteran Status, Spatial Mobility, and Social Mobility in the All Volunteer Force Era?" Presented: New York NY, American Sociological Association Annual Meeting, August 2007. |
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Bailey, Amy Kate |
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Veteran Status, Onward and Return Migration in the All Volunteer Force Era Presented: Denver CO, American Sociological Association Annual Meeting, August 2012 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: American Sociological Association Keyword(s): Ethnic Differences; Migration; Military Service; Racial Differences; Veterans Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. This paper compares migration patterns among veterans and non-veterans in the All Volunteer Force era, and identifies whether these patterns differ by race or Hispanic origin. First, I ask whether veterans have higher rates of migration than is true among non-veterans for black, white, and native-born Hispanic men at risk of military employment during the AVF era, controlling for individual and community-of-origin factors. I also examine whether there are differences among migrants, by race and/or veteran status, in return or onward migration. Consistent with prior research, veterans are more likely to migrate than similar non-veterans. It appears that veterans are moderately more likely to engage in onward migration than are nonveterans, although the significance is marginal (p ≤ 0.10), and is not found in all model specifications. Veterans appear to be significantly less likely than similar nonveterans, however, to return to their communities or origin once they have migrated (not counting migration required during active duty). This finding obtains for whites and blacks, although the level of return migration among Hispanics appears to be the same for veterans and nonveterans. Possible implications for rural communities are discussed. |
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Bibliography Citation
Bailey, Amy Kate. "Veteran Status, Onward and Return Migration in the All Volunteer Force Era." Presented: Denver CO, American Sociological Association Annual Meeting, August 2012. |
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Bailey, Amy Kate Sykes, Bryan L. |
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Veteran Status, Income, and Intergenerational Mobility Across Three Cohorts of American Men Population Research and Policy Review 37,4 (August 2018): 539-568. Also: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11113-018-9477-1 Cohort(s): NLSY79, Older Men, Young Men Publisher: Springer Keyword(s): Income; Intergenerational Patterns/Transmission; Military Enlistment; Mobility, Social; Veterans Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Existing research linking prior military employment with labor market outcomes has focused on comparing the relative income of veterans and nonveterans. However, people who join the armed forces are uniquely selected from the broader population, and the form and direction of selectivity has shifted over time, with differential enlistment rates by race, region, and socioeconomic status. Understanding changes in the demographic composition of enlistees and veterans has significant import for the study of social mobility, particularly given changes in the occupational structure since the mid-twentieth century and wage stagnation well into the new millennium. Furthermore, labor market polarization and increases in educational attainment since WWII raise additional concerns about the social origins of military personnel and their occupational trajectories after discharge. Using data from the National Longitudinal Surveys, we investigate how social background is linked to both income and occupational mobility among veterans from three cohorts of American men: World War II, Vietnam, and the All-Volunteer Force. We find few benefits for veterans, for either income or intergenerational occupational mobility, once social background is controlled, suggesting that selection into the armed forces largely governs outcomes in the civilian labor market. Our findings have significant importance for understanding civilian labor market outcomes and trajectories of social mobility during distinct phases of military staffing. |
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Bibliography Citation
Bailey, Amy Kate and Bryan L. Sykes. "Veteran Status, Income, and Intergenerational Mobility Across Three Cohorts of American Men." Population Research and Policy Review 37,4 (August 2018): 539-568.
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