Search Results
Author: Armstrong, Elizabeth M.
Resulting in 6 citations.
| 1. |
Armstrong, Elizabeth M. |
|
Breastfeeding Among Disadvantaged Women in the US: Evidence from the 1988 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth Presented: Baltimore, MD, Eastern Sociological Association Annual Meetings, March 1994 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Eastern Sociological Society Keyword(s): Breastfeeding; Pre-natal Care/Exposure Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. |
|
|
Bibliography Citation
Armstrong, Elizabeth M. "Breastfeeding Among Disadvantaged Women in the US: Evidence from the 1988 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth." Presented: Baltimore, MD, Eastern Sociological Association Annual Meetings, March 1994. |
| 2. |
Armstrong, Elizabeth M. |
|
Sense of Control in Pregnancy:Does it Promote Maternal and Fetal Health? Working Paper, Department of Health Management and Policy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, April 2000 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 Publisher: Department of Health Management and Policy, University of Michigan Keyword(s): Birthweight; Child Health; Control; Mothers, Health; Pre-natal Care/Exposure; Pre/post Natal Behavior; Pre/post Natal Health Care; Pregnancy and Pregnancy Outcomes; Substance Use; Weight Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. INTRODUCTION EXCERPT: In the first part of the paper, I explore the history of medical and public health efforts to improve birth outcomes in the 20th century and consider the current public discourse around pregnancy and prenatal risk through an analysis of several kinds of public rhetoric: federal government policy statements and goals; the policy statements and positions articulated by medical and public health groups...and finally, the pregnancy self-help lay literature, in the form of books, magazines, and websites geared toward an audience of pregnant women...taken together, these sources demonstrate the extent to which current policy efforts to improve birth outcomes rest not on social interventions, but on expectations of personal control of risk factors. In the second part of the paper, I examine the relationship between individual control, prenatal behaviors, and pregnancy outcomes using linked mother-child data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY)...I construct a measure of personal control and then test whether it is related to risk-taking or risk-avoidance behaviors during pregnancy, such as compliance with medical regimen, diet, taking prenatal vitamins, and substance use, as well as ultimate pregnancy outcomes, including preterm delivery, birthweight, and maternal weight gain. |
|
|
Bibliography Citation
Armstrong, Elizabeth M. "Sense of Control in Pregnancy:Does it Promote Maternal and Fetal Health?" Working Paper, Department of Health Management and Policy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, April 2000. |
| 3. |
Armstrong, Elizabeth M. |
|
The Impact of WIC on the Infant-Feeding Decisions of Poor Women: Evidence from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth Presented: Miami, FL, Population Association of America Meetings, May 1994. Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Population Association of America Keyword(s): Breastfeeding; Disadvantaged, Economically; Infants; Morbidity; Mortality; Poverty; Pre-natal Care/Exposure; Pre/post Natal Behavior; Pre/post Natal Health Care; Racial Differences; State Welfare; Welfare Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Also: Presented: Washington, DC, American Public Health Association Annual Meeting, November 1994 The substantial health and nutritional benefits of breastfeeding may be especially important for disadvantaged women and their children, who suffer higher morbidity and mortality than non-poor populations. Yet poor women in the U.S. are less likely to breastfeed than non-poor women. This paper examines the impact of the federally-funded WIC program on the infant-feeding decisions of poor women, using logistic regression analysis and proportional hazards models on data from the 1990/91 round of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY). Thirty percent of the WIC recipients in the sample report breastfeeding, compared with 52 percent of women who did not receive WIC. Women who received WIC breastfed on average for 11 weeks, compared with almost 18 weeks among women who did not receive WIC. Receiving WIC decreases the odds of breastfeeding by 32 percent. These findings suggest that participation in WIC is associated with lower rates and shorter durations of breastfeeding among poor women. |
|
|
Bibliography Citation
Armstrong, Elizabeth M. "The Impact of WIC on the Infant-Feeding Decisions of Poor Women: Evidence from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth." Presented: Miami, FL, Population Association of America Meetings, May 1994. |
| 4. |
Armstrong, Elizabeth M. Weiss, Christopher C. |
|
Do American Mothers Treat Sons and Daughters Alike? Presented: Atlanta, GA, Population Association of America Annual Meetings, May 2002 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 Publisher: Population Association of America Keyword(s): Child Care; Child Health; Gender Attitudes/Roles; Gender Differences; Infants; Parent-Child Interaction; Parenting Skills/Styles; Pre-natal Care/Exposure; Pre/post Natal Behavior; Pre/post Natal Health Care Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Son preference is well documented in parts of the developing world, particularly China, Korea, India and South Asia. In societies where son preference is strong, adverse consequences for girls may be severe, including death. In the U.S. where the stated norm is gender equality, surprisingly little attention to whether childrearing practices differ by gender. This absence seems all the more surprising given the evidence of gender bias in the American primary education system. This paper uses the NLSY to examine gender-differentiated parenting practices (infant feeding, well baby care, child care) in the U.S. Despite prevailing norms of gender equity, we hypothesize that mothers treat boys and girls differently; however, these differences cause less morbidity and fewer lasting developmental effects, because children in the U.S. generally receive adequate nutrition and medical care and child mortality overall is low. Therefore, gender bias in the U.S. may be invisible in infancy. |
|
|
Bibliography Citation
Armstrong, Elizabeth M. and Christopher C. Weiss. "Do American Mothers Treat Sons and Daughters Alike?" Presented: Atlanta, GA, Population Association of America Annual Meetings, May 2002. |
| 5. |
Armstrong, Elizabeth M. Weiss, Christopher C. |
|
Do American Mothers Treat Sons and Daughters Alike? Presented: San Francisco, CA, American Sociological Association Annual Meeting, August 2004 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 Publisher: American Sociological Association Keyword(s): Child Care; Child Health; Gender Attitudes/Roles; Gender Differences; Infants; Parent-Child Interaction; Parenting Skills/Styles; Pre-natal Care/Exposure; Pre/post Natal Behavior; Pre/post Natal Health Care Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Son preference is well-documented in parts of the developing world, particularly China, Korea, India and South Asia. In societies where son preference is strong, adverse consequences for girls may be severe, including even death. Yet in the U.S. where the stated norm is one of gender equality, there has been surprising little attention to whether childrearing practices differ by gender of child. This absence seems all the more surprising given the evidence that gender differentiation is observable in a number of different domains of American children's' lives (e.g., school, play groups, etc.). Much of this literature argues that gender bias begins early in life and unfolds in subtle ways. This paper uses the NLSY to examine gender-differentiated parenting practices (infant feeding, well baby care, child care) in the U.S. Despite prevailing norms of gender equity, we hypothesize that mothers treat boys and girls differently; however, these differences cause less morbidity and have fewer lasting developmental effects, because children in the U.S. generally receive adequate nutrition and medical care, and child mortality overall is low. Therefore, gender bias in the U.S. may be invisible in infancy. The data we use come from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY) linked mother-child records. The data enable us to test for the presence of gender bias by examining a number of maternal behaviors during an infant's first year of life. We consider outcomes in the realms of both health and social care. In terms of health, we look at (a) infant feeding decisions (whether the child was breastfed and duration of breastfeeding and timing of introduction of solid food); and (b) immunization records (measles, DPT, polio). In terms of social care, we consider: (c) fostering (whether child lives with other than biological mother in first year of life); and (d) how often mother reads to child; and (e) the restrictions and rules that parents place upon their chi ldren. Do women invest more heavily in terms of time, love and attention in boys than in girls? We also control for a wide range of maternal and household outcomes that both may affect child outcomes and may affect infant-feeding and childcare decisions. Our controls include child's birth order, mother's age at birth, mother's race and ethnicity, mother's education and household poverty status. We restrict our sample to full-term infants with a normal birthweight. We use OLS and multiple logistic regression to test the effect of child's gender on maternal behavior, controlling for maternal characteristics. |
|
|
Bibliography Citation
Armstrong, Elizabeth M. and Christopher C. Weiss. "Do American Mothers Treat Sons and Daughters Alike?" Presented: San Francisco, CA, American Sociological Association Annual Meeting, August 2004. |
| 6. |
Armstrong, Elizabeth M. Weiss, Christopher C. |
|
Self-efficacy, Risk Behaviors and Health Outcomes: Evidence from the NLSY Presented: Los Angeles, CA, Population Association of America Meetings, March 2000 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Population Association of America Keyword(s): Alcohol Use; CESD (Depression Scale); Cigarette Use (see Smoking); Health/Health Status/SF-12 Scale; Obesity; Pearlin Mastery Scale; Risk-Taking; Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) (see Self-Esteem) Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. |
|
|
Bibliography Citation
Armstrong, Elizabeth M. and Christopher C. Weiss. "Self-efficacy, Risk Behaviors and Health Outcomes: Evidence from the NLSY." Presented: Los Angeles, CA, Population Association of America Meetings, March 2000. |